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防止“房抵贷”“首付贷”兴风作浪

2017-09-11 07:11:38   中国经济网

上周,中国人民银行营业管理部、北京市银监局联合印发通知,要求北京市银行业金融机构对个人经营性贷款和个人消费贷款开展自查工作,重点检查“房抵贷”等资金违规流入房地产市场情况。

据介绍,近期北京银行业金融机构的个人经营性贷款和个人消费贷款规模快速增长,个别银行发放的上述两类贷款却违规流入了房地产市场,借款人将其用于购买住房,而非个人经营或日常消费,这种行为不符合房地产调控的政策要求。

除了“房抵贷”资金违规流入楼市,近期原本销声匿迹的“首付贷”亦重出江湖,一些开发商打出“首付10%、无息、无手续费,开发商垫资”等广告,违规促销。尽管在这一游戏中提供资金的对象从房产中介变成了开发商,但性质却是一样的。

在房地产市场融资全面收紧的背景下,房地产成交量明显下降。房地产商、中介机构等资金压力加大,为此他们不惜铤而走险,引导、诱惑消费者采用“房抵贷”“首付贷”等融资手段。金融机构开展“房抵贷”“首付贷”等业务,收入要比正规房贷业务高30%至50%,出于业绩考虑,一些金融机构明知违规,却存侥幸心理,对此睁一只眼闭一只眼。

“房抵贷”“首付贷”等资金违规流入楼市,危害不小。由于降低了购房和首付门槛,实质上是一种加杠杆行为。“房抵贷”把本来就是贷款买来的住房再次抵押贷款,再次投资买房,其风险可想而知。在“首付贷”中,开发商为促成销售,拿购房者的订单套现商业银行的按揭贷款,作为期房开发的滚动甚至启动资金,风险极大。“房抵贷”“首付贷”还让还款能力不足的人进入了房地产市场,一旦房地产市场走势逆转,开发商卖完房套现离场,但这些还款能力不足的人会产生违约风险,从而造成金融机构坏账,并可能带来系统性金融风险。

防止“房抵贷”“首付贷”兴风作浪,降低房地产金融风险,关键在于强化监管。对于“房抵贷”而言,要重点关注银行资金流向是否真实用于消费和个人经营,对银行要开展现场检查,看贷款审核资料是否齐全,对资料真实性把关是否严格,申请贷款时提供的消费合同或经营合同是否真实,重罚把关不严和弄虚作假的机构;对于 “首付贷”而言,要重点监管提供“首付贷”垫资的开发商,重罚违规者,甚至吊销其资质;同时,要进一步落实互联网金融平台的各项监管规定,防止其成为“首付贷”资金的新提供方。(原文来源:经济日报 作者:梁 睿)

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