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破除混合所有制改革的八个误区
2017-08-04 07:04:33 中国经济网
国有企业混合所有制改革一直在稳妥推进,且已建立起日趋完善的政策体系,在实践领域也有积极进展。截至2016年底,中央企业混合所有制企业户数占比已达到67.7%,一半以上的省级地方监管企业及各级子公司中混合所有制企业数量占比也超过了50%。但也应该看到,无论是在理论认知层面,还是在实践操作层面,混合所有制改革仍存在一些误区,围绕混合所有制改革的争论也一直没有停止。只有走出误区,混合所有制改革才能更好地推进,取得应有的积极效果。
误区一
混同于“股权多元化改革”
有人认为,将国有单一股权的企业改制为多个国有法人持股的企业,这也是混合所有制改革。其实,这是将混合所有制改革混同于股权多元化改革。
混合所有制改革虽然与股权多元化改革同是一种多元股权的股份制改革,但前者是指财产权分属于不同性质所有者的企业所有制改革,其具体形式可以是国有股份或集体股份与外资股份联合而成的企业,也可以是国有企业或集体企业与国内民营联合组成的企业,或者是国有股份与个人所有制联合组成的混合所有制企业。混合所有制改革与股权多元化改革的关键区别就在于,前者一定是改革为国有与非国有共同持股的企业,而后者只强调多个法人持股,却并不要求一定是由不同性质的持股方的多元持股。
误区二
贴上“私有化”标签
混合所有制改革过程中的国有资产流失问题,一直是人们关注的焦点,也是混合所有制改革必须克服的最大障碍。由于混合所有制改革涉及将国有股权出售给非国有方,如果这个过程中存在信息不公开透明、市场交易定价不合理、交易程序不公正等问题,就很容易造成国有资产流失。有人因此将国有企业混合所有制改革等同于国有资产流失,甚至等同于私有化,认为国企混合所有制改革必然出现国有资产流失,是一种私有化方式,这是不对的。
应该看到,国企混合所有制改革并不必然带来国有资产流失,关键是要做到程序公正、交易公平、信息公开、法律严明。如果操作流程和审批程序规范,国有资产定价机制健全,第三方机构作用得到很好发挥,审计纪检及内部员工等各个方面监管到位,完全可以做到守住国有资产不流失的“底线”。企业的资产价值需要动态衡量,国有企业股权也需要在交易中体现其价值。宁愿将国有股份在静态中贬损,也不愿通过交易追求股权最优配置,进而实现更大的国有资产保值增值,这种“因噎废食”的错误观念一直制约着混合所有制改革乃至整个国有企业改革的进程。
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