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主动发声 马克龙想让法国在欧洲再次伟大?

2017-09-28 06:52:52   

德国议会选举刚结束,法国总统埃马纽埃尔·马克龙就主动发声,针对欧洲一体化目前的困境,提出“重塑欧洲”的一系列建议和主张。

中国社会科学院欧洲研究所研究员田德文认为,从法国的角度而言,重塑欧洲,也是重塑法国“欧洲发动机”地位的契机。

法国前总统夏尔·戴高乐曾经说过,法国的特性就是伟大。只是,法国如今自身实力下降是事实。田德文接受新华社采访时认为,马克龙要让法国在欧洲再次伟大,与德国联手推进欧洲一体化恐怕是必经之路。

马克龙26日演讲中很重要的一点是明确表态接受欧盟委员会提出的“多速欧洲”方案,强调法国将与德国统一协调,合力推进欧洲一体化。

田德文说,战后欧洲一体化的初始方案“法德煤钢联营”最初就是由时任法国外长罗贝尔·舒曼公布,目的是化解法德矛盾,确保欧洲永久和平,促进欧洲经济繁荣。马克龙想融合欧洲联盟的财政和预算,有人称之为升级版的“舒曼计划”,但马克龙今天面临的情况更复杂。

从舒曼计划起步,以法德合作为基础的欧洲一体化进程在60年时间里取得巨大成就,但如今面临重大挑战:一是成员国意见有分歧,不少国家不愿进一步向欧盟让渡主权;二是各国都有人把对现实的各种不满发泄到一体化上,右翼民粹主义势力急剧上升。比如,法国极右翼政党“国民阵线”公开反对一体化,德国选择党对德国在欧元区承担太多责任表示强烈不满。

不过,今年法、德先后举行大选,马克龙和德国总理安格拉·默克尔分别获胜,田德文认为,这暂时避免欧洲一体化发生重要倒退的风险。

他说,对欧洲精英而言,欧洲一体化总是需要往前推进的,如果不能“全面推进”,那就在愿意推进的国家推进,其他国家有意愿和条件加入时再加入,“历史证明这种方式是可行的”。

然而,当前法、德内部反一体化力量上升,留给两国领导人的时间并不是无限的。田德文认为,如果马克龙和默克尔不能在任期内取得老百姓看得见的进展和收益,欧洲一体化恐怕前景堪忧。(沈敏)(新华社专特稿)

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