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马克龙提重塑欧洲“五大构想”:想让法国再次伟大

2017-09-28 05:27:51   

9月26日,法国总统马克龙(前)在巴黎索邦大学发表演说,提出一系列重塑欧洲的建议主张。新华社/法新

法国总统埃马纽埃尔·马克龙26日在位于首都巴黎的历史名校索邦大学发表演说,提出重塑欧洲的一系列主张,主要包括去官僚化、加大防务合作、推动税收改革、加强年轻人跨国交流和强化民主建设五个方面,希望在今后几年建立一个“主权、统一和民主的欧盟”。

马克龙说,现在的欧洲“效率太低”,要应对眼前的挑战,必须团结一心。

中国社会科学院欧洲研究所研究员田德文认为,从法国的角度而言,重塑欧洲,也是重塑法国“欧洲发动机”地位的契机。

新设机构去官僚化

马克龙提出建设“更为简单”的欧洲联盟,称一旦简化欧盟的改革结束,英国将后悔“脱欧”。

就欧元区而言,马克龙提议设立一名“大管家”,即欧元区“财政部长”,与之相应,设立欧元区预算用以投资基础设施建设和其他大型工程项目。这一主张先前获得德国总理安格拉·默克尔谨慎支持。在刚刚结束的德国联邦议院选举中,默克尔领导的政党拿下多数席位,可望让默克尔在推行欧盟政策上少一些束缚与顾虑。

就整个欧盟而言,新设欧盟检察官,负责调查跨境涉恐案件;新设难民管理机构,统管难民资格认定与接收等事务;新设边防警察,负责非法移民监督与执法;新设创新机构,推动人工智能联合研究。

马克龙指出,现在的欧盟,可谓“多速并轨”,一些国家寻求加速整合,另一些国家则步调不够。“我们不应惧怕说出这一点,并说明我们想要(步调一致)。”

加大共同安全合作

马克龙提议,组建一支欧盟“快速反应武装部队”,共用防务预算和军事战略,承担欧盟联合防务角色。

欧盟十年前已经批准这一方案,但欧盟快速反应武装部队迟迟未能建立。马克龙表示,希望在2020年前令其全面“重启”。

另外,马克龙还希望建立欧盟“联合民防部队”,防灾救灾。

推行“大税改”

马克龙在演说中大幅提及税改,希望统一整个欧盟的税收规则。例如,在欧盟推行单一企业所得税,要求欧盟对拒绝施行统一税率的成员国予以惩戒,比如削减其从欧盟所得援助。

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