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新闻分析:右翼政党德国选择党缘何在大选中异军突起

2017-09-25 18:36:53   新华网

新华社柏林9月25日电 新闻分析:右翼政党德国选择党缘何在大选中异军突起

新华社记者袁帅 任珂

德国24日举行新一届联邦议院选举。25日凌晨出炉的初步计票结果显示,右翼民粹主义政党德国选择党获得12.6%的选票,将首次进入联邦议院并成为第三大党。这是二战后德国首次有右翼民粹主义政党进入联邦议院,引起各方关注。

分析人士指出,德国选择党的异军突起涉及经济、安全和文化冲突等多方面原因。在德国东西部经济发展不均衡、贫富分化加剧背景下,一系列危机的发生对德国社会造成冲击。部分民众对默克尔政府一些政策的不满,因而在大选中转而投票给德国选择党。

2013年,欧债危机余波未了。有民众认为,本可独善其身的德国,因欧元和统一货币政策而受他国拖累,德国本国经济也受到影响。在此背景下,德国选择党在这一年应运而生,主打反欧元等经济主张。

德国选择党的创始成员大多来自精英阶层。由于奉行反欧元、反欧洲一体化、反移民等主张,近年来该党吸引了不少来自德国东部经济发展较落后地区的支持者。

在本次大选中,德国选择党在德国东部地区的得票率几乎是西部地区的两倍。在此前举行的地方议会选举中,该党得票率最高的两个联邦州梅克伦堡-前波莫瑞州和萨克森-安哈尔特州,是德国人均GDP最低的地区。

2015年难民危机爆发,给德国社会带来多方面冲击。默克尔在当年秋季决定向难民开放边境后,大量难民进入德国,给德国国内安全带来不稳定因素。近两年德国发生了多起与难民有关的暴力事件并造成人员伤亡。德国舆论中不乏“花钱请来‘恐怖分子’”的抱怨声。部分难民的生活习俗与德国传统文化间的差异,也一定程度上引发部分德国民众的排外情绪。

在难民问题上,德国选择党对默克尔的开放政策持坚定反对态度,该党党内民粹思想不断加深,右翼倾向进一步加强。德国民众对国内安全形势恶化的担忧加剧,这一民意的变化,使该党在去年一些联邦州举行的地方议会选举中赢得不少选票,其“气势”延续至本次联邦议院选举。

值得注意的是,虽然德国选择党想给德国人提供“另一个选择”,但从本次大选结果看,该党尚无法得到主流民众的信任。大部分选民仍将选票投给了联盟党和社会民主党等传统党派。

记者在采访中了解到,许多选民虽对默克尔政府有所不满,但仍认为目前她是唯一的可靠选择。他们投票给德国选择党,并非完全支持该党,而是为宣泄对当前政府不满却又无可奈何的情绪。

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