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少数派在德国大选扮演大角色

2017-09-19 17:02:07   光明网

离德国联邦议会大选还有不到一周的时间,总体形势非常明朗:现任总理默克尔领导的基民盟将以较大的优势击败由前欧洲议会议长舒尔茨领导的社民党,从而开启她的第四个总理任期。德国民众现在更关心的是基民盟最终将选择和哪个党组成联合政府。由于之前有社民党高层表示,考虑到未来长远发展,社民党可能不会选择再和基民盟组成大联合政府。因此,德国主要的四个小党就成为关键的少数派,也成为德国大选最后的看点。

风头正劲的选择党

据最新民调显示,在离德国联邦议会大选仅仅不到一周时间,德国选择党竟然获得11%的支持率,这个仅仅成立四年的年轻右翼政党,将成为仅次于基民盟、社民党的德国第三大政治力量。

在此次选战中,选择党风头正劲的最主要原因还是旗帜鲜明的“反难民”政策。除了激烈批判默克尔在难民问题上犯下“错误”外,该党女候选人魏德尔提出将“有限保护难民”的人数控制在万人之内,这包括庇护申请被拒或根据《日内瓦公约》不享有庇护权但因人身安全而不能被遣返的人。德国从去年以来爆发多起恐怖主义袭击事件,大多数嫌疑人都是难民申请被拒、但由于种种原因暂时无法被驱逐,属于所谓的“有限保护难民”。除此之外,选择党还希望根据现实情况为德国总体接纳难民设置上限。

除在难民问题上态度保守外,选择党在废除内燃机问题上也体现出右翼政党特色。魏德尔认为,现在各党提出的禁止内燃机汽车销售的时间表都过于激进,将严重损害德国汽车工业。同时她提出一个问题,如果全德都使用电动车,那么这么多的电力从哪里来?她主张渐进式的汽车改革计划,近期应该给汽车排放物设置一个更为理想的限制标准。不过德国其他所有政党都明确表示,将不会和选择党组阁。

帅哥压阵的自民党

同样来自中右翼阵营的自民党被认为是基民盟天然执政伙伴,但在上一次选举中,彼时与基民盟联合执政的自民党遭遇滑铁卢,支持率甚至没有过5%的门槛线,从而被踢出议会。

此次自民党大有重整山河的意味。在最近一次民调中,自民党史无前例地得到9%的支持率,重新杀回联邦议会只是时间问题。与其他政党相比,自民党在此次选举中的优异表现与主席林德内尔关系非常大。现年38岁的林德内尔拥有英俊的外表和出众的口才,总是充满感染力地发表各类观点。德媒评论称,林德内尔的个人魅力为自民党重新崛起发挥重要作用。翻看自民党竞选纲领,里面也满是林德内尔的个人写真,与其说他是一位政治家,不如说他更像电视明星。因此有人将林德内尔称为德国的马克龙。

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