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德国外长:美国对俄罗斯制裁“损欧利己”

2017-08-31 07:11:03   新华网

正在美国访问的德国外长西格马·加布里尔29日在华盛顿说,欧洲国家担心美国新的对俄制裁令不仅给欧洲带来经济损失,且将导致俄罗斯与西方国家关系退回到“冰川时代”。

美国总统特朗普8月2日签署国会提交的对俄制裁新法案后,欧盟成员国公开表达不满。欧盟委员会主席容克说,美国制裁法案“可能产生意外的单边效应,影响欧盟的能源安全利益”。他甚至警告说,如果美方不充分考虑欧盟的顾虑,不排除欧盟作出相应对策。德国的反应也十分强烈,德国经济部长布丽吉特·齐普里斯说,这些制裁可能损害参与俄罗斯天然气管道建设、运行和维护的欧洲企业,欧洲不能接受。

此次访美,加布里尔与美国国务卿雷克斯·蒂勒森再次交涉此事,他说:“我们对这次制裁可能对欧洲产生的后果严重关切,我们不希望摧毁欧洲与俄罗斯的经济关系,特别是能源领域的关系。”

【对俄制裁,伤及欧洲】

中国社科院欧洲研究所德国问题专家杨解朴认为,包括德国在内的欧洲国家对美国新制裁措施之所以大为不满,一方面因为美国事先不与欧洲盟友协商,更重要的是对俄制裁伤及欧洲经济利益和能源安全,在欧洲看来,是损人利已的做法。

杨解朴说,特朗普签署的新制裁法案牵涉欧洲国家参与的能源项目,这不仅会继续让俄罗斯难受,而且直接影响欧洲国家的商业活动,尤其是制裁法案寻求阻止北流天然气管道二线的建设,直接影响俄罗斯向欧洲出口天然气。

北流天然气管道二线是一个大型能源项目,估值90亿欧元,通过波罗的海海底管道向欧洲送气,项目涉及欧洲多个能源巨头,包括法国昂吉集团、英荷壳牌石油集团、奥地利国家石油公司、德国尤尼珀公司和温特斯哈尔股份公司。美国的新制裁将令这些企业遭受损失。

杨解朴说,欧洲对俄罗斯的能源依赖较重,现在欧洲39%的天然气进口来自俄罗斯,部分国家甚至完全依赖俄罗斯。北流天然气管道二线建成后,俄罗斯每年可对欧洲国家多输送550亿立方米天然气。

【是政治账,也是经济账】

“美国制裁的背后,还有一笔账,就是抢夺欧洲的天然气供应市场,”杨解朴说。美国近年页岩气持续飞速发展,将让美国成为天然气净出口国,但是美国向欧洲提供的液化天然气产品性价比不高,制裁竞争对手俄罗斯便成为一种选项。从这个层面看,制裁俄罗斯,美国算的不仅是政治账,还是经济账。

杨解朴说,德国作为出口大国,同俄罗斯经贸关系一直不错,尽管近年受俄罗斯经济下行影响,双边经贸额收窄,但德国企业坚持留在俄罗斯,希望俄罗斯政治经济稳定。在外交上,德国自冷战结束就同俄罗斯保持良好关系,并且在俄罗斯与西方关系中扮演牵线人、调解人角色,德国并不乐见俄罗斯与西方关系持续低迷。

杨解朴说:“长期以来,德国对俄罗斯外交的一个大原则,就是拉近俄罗斯,保持稳定,避免对抗。乌克兰危机发生后,德国始终扮演外交政策积极协调者的角色。如果美俄关系出现回转,德国和欧盟与俄罗斯的关系也会缓和,这符合德国务实性外交政策。一方面有利于德国与俄罗斯交往,另一方面凸显德国在欧盟的领导地位和国际地位,也有利于德美关系和欧美关系发展”。

杨解朴认为,加布里尔这次访美,就是希望德国对当前美俄关系发挥更大的协调作用。(夏文辉 新华社专特稿)

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