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综述:俄罗斯海军新型主力舰揭开面纱

2017-08-28 16:26:09   新华网

新华社北京8月28日电  综述:俄罗斯海军新型主力舰揭开面纱

新华社记者赵嫣 刘莉莉

俄罗斯联合造船集团负责军用造船业务的副总裁伊戈尔·波诺马廖夫日前表示,俄国防部已批准“领袖”级驱逐舰的初步设计草案。分析人士表示,这一驱逐舰一旦服役,将逐渐扭转俄海军缺乏新型主力战舰的尴尬局面。

工程代号23560的“领袖”级驱逐舰由俄北方设计局研发,排水量约为1.75万吨,长200米,宽20米。舰艇最高航速可达30节,自持力长达90天。舰上可搭载60枚反舰巡航导弹、128枚舰空导弹和16枚反潜导弹。

军事专家认为,从模型上可以看出,“领袖”级驱逐舰舰体较宽,舰体底部较平,舰体两侧从水线处就开始自下而上内倾,这样虽然有利于隐身设计和空间设计,但牺牲了适航性,可能会使舰艇难以适应远航。

俄前海军副总司令伊戈尔·卡萨托诺夫说,该舰的研制正是反映了俄领导层在地缘政治方面的看法,适应了俄海军在地中海、黑海和波罗的海活动的需要。

资深军事评论员张浩认为,“领袖”级驱逐舰有三大特点。首先是攻击性强。该舰拥有大口径的冷热通用垂直发射装置,可以发射几乎所有型号的俄罗斯舰载防空导弹,还可以装填俄罗斯新一代高超音速“锆石”反舰导弹。“锆石”导弹射程远,航速快,有可能达到4马赫以上的飞行速度,成为极难拦截的超级反舰利器。另外这种垂直发射装置还能够发射3M14系列对陆攻击巡航导弹和“缟玛瑙”巡航导弹,使得该舰具有较强的攻击性,成为可以震慑他国的大国利器。

第二个特点是多用途。张浩说,“领袖”级驱逐舰未来可能替换俄海军现役的多型舰艇,包括导弹巡洋舰和大型反潜舰,成为新时期俄罗斯海军远洋作战力量的核心。另据俄罗斯专家说,“领袖”级驱逐舰将成为替代俄海军现有驱逐舰、大型反潜舰和1144型“海鹰”级导弹巡洋舰的通用军舰。

第三个特点是拥有强大体系作战能力和综合探测能力。从展出的模型看,该舰拥有层次非常鲜明的三层综合桅杆,高高耸立在舰桥之上。综合桅杆通过嵌入式开放体系,把舰上主战电子装备融合成一个有机整体,使舰上电子装备摆脱此前独立作战的状态。此外,综合桅杆中还嵌入了S波段和X波段两种相控阵雷达。

俄罗斯在近年来对舰载相控阵雷达有很多尝试,在22350型“戈尔什科夫海军元帅”级护卫舰和20385型“轰鸣”级护卫舰两种导弹护卫舰上都采用了紧凑且美观、先进的新型相控阵雷达。由此俄也积累了一定经验,使得在更大吨位战舰上采用更大孔径的相控阵雷达成为可能。

克雷洛夫国家研究中心主任顾问瓦莱里·波罗温金表示,这一舰艇将集合多型水面作战舰艇的优点,拥有反导、防空能力,将构成未来俄军海上的坚强据点。

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