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主动“吸毒”的斑马鱼有助寻找戒毒疗法

2017-08-27 16:35:44   中国青年网

新华社北京8月27日电 美国科研人员发现,生物学研究中常用的斑马鱼会主动“吸毒”,一些与毒瘾有关的行为与人类相似,这将有助研究新的戒毒药物和疗法。

斑马鱼是一种身体透明的小型热带鱼,繁殖周期短,饲养成本低,与人类的基因相似度高,是重要的实验动物。新发现意味着,斑马鱼形成毒瘾的生物学机制与人类相似,可用于开展毒瘾相关研究和药物试验,降低研究难度和成本。

美国犹他大学发布的新闻公报说,该校研究人员在水槽里设置运动感应和药物释放设备,斑马鱼从上方游过时,会触发设备释放出氢可酮,这是一种阿片类镇痛药,有成瘾作用。

实验人员让流水持续注入水槽,使水中的氢可酮浓度不断降低,结果发现,斑马鱼会主动触发设备,而不是被动等待药物释放。如果减少每次释放的氢可酮,斑马鱼会更频繁地触发设备以获得足够的剂量。它们甚至会为了“吸毒”而冒险,进入普通斑马鱼会回避的不利环境。

实验还显示,在最后一次接触毒品之后48小时,斑马鱼会表现出焦虑迹象,后者是戒断反应的一个关键标志。

人类大脑中有着与愉悦感相关的神经回路,正常情况下被有利于生存和繁殖的行为激发,但毒品会劫持这些回路,导致成瘾。研究人员说,新研究表明斑马鱼有着类似的神经回路,可用于快速筛选戒毒药物,并试验基因疗法。

相关研究报告已发表在荷兰《行为大脑研究》杂志的网络版上。

司法部:戒毒工作引入VR方式

司法部戒毒管理局局长曹学军表示,为提高戒毒工作科学化专业化水平,提高戒治的质量,各地大胆创新,将现代医学、心理学、运动康复、中医中药等技术和方法引入戒毒工作的实践,创立并尝试了如经颅磁戒毒、内观心理治疗、正念心理治疗、戒毒康复操、中医推拿、VR戒毒、藏药戒毒等方式方法。>>

我国戒毒工作面临严峻挑战

目前在全球毒品问题总体恶化的大背景下,我国毒品问题持续蔓延态势仍未改变,毒品形势依然严峻复杂,毒品违法犯罪活动仍处于持续活跃期,毒品消费结构发生变化,滥用情况更加复杂,呈现出传统毒品、合成毒品和新精神活性物质叠加滥用的特点。>>

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