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植入肿瘤细胞“化身”病患 斑马鱼可为癌症病人试药

2017-08-25 18:11:10   中国青年网

科技日报北京8月24日电 (实习生杨阳)据美国《科学》杂志日前报道,美国尚帕利莫研究与诊断中心生物学家丽塔·菲奥及其团队,近日正借助向斑马鱼植入人类肿瘤细胞,使其成为癌症患者“化身”,以研究癌症治疗的用药和术后反弹等问题。

菲奥团队发表在美国《国家科学院院刊》上的报告称,从创建斑马鱼“化身”到分析结果只需2—3周,而使用小鼠,整个过程要2—6个月,且成本较高,不如斑马鱼快捷、经济、易推广。据菲奥介绍,若首次创建小鼠“化身”失败,医生常转用斑马鱼“化身”,而它也是患者初期治疗的较佳选择。

菲奥团队称,斑马鱼与小鼠等啮齿动物比,与人类亲缘关系较远,为检验人类肿瘤在其身上的表现,他们将人类结肠直肠癌细胞植入斑马鱼胚胎并使其生长4天后,结果该肿瘤呈现出细胞快速分裂、形成了新血管,以及能扩散等特点。

之后,团队将治疗该病的化疗鸡尾酒添加到“化身”周围后,部分肿瘤萎缩了,表明其可验证药物的有效性。研究人员又将5名患者的结肠直肠癌细胞注射到斑马鱼胚胎中,并给“化身”服用与患者相同的成套化疗药物,最终有4/5的“化身”正确预测了患者的肿瘤是否会在术后3—6月内反弹。

波士顿哈佛医学院的伦纳德·荣恩已借助鱼类研究癌症长达十余年,他认为斑马鱼在癌症治疗方面潜力巨大。荣恩表示,菲奥团队并非首批尝试创建斑马鱼癌症“化身”的人,但其成果却是迄今最有说服力的。

但荣恩也指出,并非所有癌症药物都能在斑马鱼身上起作用,因而他建议研究更多的患者和病种以验证其可推广度。菲奥团队计划用更多的样本继续开展研究,包括乳腺癌等其他类型癌症都会纳入他们的研究计划。

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