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鸡尾酒疗法药物致敏因素被发现

2017-08-26 04:16:56   中国青年网

【科技前沿】

本报昆明8月25日电(记者张勇 通讯员陆继才) 记者近日从云南省皮肤病性病研究所获悉,昆明医科大学第一附属医院皮肤性病科李玉叶教授团队等研究团队经过近5年联合研究,在世界上首次发现“艾滋病合并药疹”致敏药物及导致患者死亡的高危因素。研究成果论文《中国云南艾滋病合并药疹病人临床研究》2016年10月在《自然》杂志子刊《科学报告》(scientific reports)上发表。

该项目负责人李玉叶告诉记者,研究成果论文发表后,研究团队又将该成果进一步应用于临床,进行更充分的验证和完善,因此现在才公布成果。这项研究成果为世界治疗艾滋病患者降低死亡率提供了有力科学支撑,是我国医学专家为世界预防治疗艾滋病所作出的重要贡献。

据了解,随着HAART治疗(俗称“鸡尾酒疗法”)在世界范围内的广泛应用,艾滋病患者的生活质量显著改善、生存时间延长,挽救了大量艾滋病患者的生命,但临床毒副作用的发生,是很多患者终止治疗甚至死亡的主要原因。昆明医科大学第一附属医院皮肤性病科李玉叶团队、河南大学淮河临床学院转化医学中心教授况轶群和昆明医科大学公共卫生学院、昆明市第三人民医院艾滋病科相关人员携手,于2011年1月启动艾滋病合并药疹患者主要致敏药物、药疹类型及影响预后的高危因素联合科学研究。以在昆明市第三人民医院艾滋病科1822例艾滋病患者为研究对象、134例住院或住院期间出现药疹的艾滋病患者为实验组,以1:2随机抽样同期住院的268例艾滋病患者为对照组,进行回顾性研究,发现艾滋病患者首要致敏药物为HAART药物(占47.7%),其次为抗菌药物(占45.5%)。致敏HAART药物中以奈韦拉平为主(占39.6%),其次为依非韦伦(8.9%),并有一例患者为罕见报道的替诺福韦过敏;总病死率7.5%,重型药疹病死率(20.6%)显著高于轻型药疹(3.8%);既往药物过敏史、高病毒载量、白蛋白减低、机会性感染、低CD4+细胞水平、球蛋白升高是导致患者死亡的高危因素。这些研究结果发现了艾滋病合并药疹患者存在的主要致敏药物、药疹类型及影响预后的高危因素,为艾滋病患者药疹的防治提供了理论依据。

李玉叶表示,对于有药物过敏史、重型药疹、白蛋白减低、高病毒载量、低CD4+细胞水平及合并机会性感染的患者,需积极全面治疗。应尽量避免可能导致艾滋病人药疹发生、发展的高危因素,减少艾滋病人因药疹中断治疗甚至死亡的情况,提高艾滋病人生存时间和生存质量。

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