新闻 > 国际
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/10000166/20170816/31105060.html
Server: cms-8-251
Date: 2024/06/27 02:15:53

Powered by China
China

商务部专家:再挥“301”大棒,山姆大叔图个啥

2017-08-16 08:22:48   光明网

再挥“301”大棒,山姆大叔图个啥(望海楼)

8月14日,美国总统特朗普签署备忘录,指令美贸易代表根据《1974年贸易法》研究决定是否对中国与知识产权相关的贸易政策和行为发起“301调查”。此举引发外界对美国采取单边行动损害中美经贸关系的担忧。

所谓的“301调查”源自美国《1974年贸易法》第301条。该条款授权美国贸易代表可对他国的“不合理或不公正贸易做法”发起调查,并可在调查结束后建议美国总统实施单边制裁,包括撤销贸易优惠、征收报复性关税等。对华启动“301调查”,挑起贸易战,山姆大叔究竟图什么?其所想所愿真的能实现吗?

希望通过贸易战压缩对华贸易逆差?这显然行不通。宏观经济学常识告诉人们,逆差的本质是本国国民储蓄不足、通过进口别国的国民储蓄来弥补。而中国改变不了美国的国民储蓄率,只有美国深刻改革本国社会福利、工会等制度,提高劳动参与率,抑制军事和对外事务开支增长,才能提升美国国民储蓄率,进而降低美国国际收支赤字。

当然,上述改革非一日之功,而美国想在短期内压缩对华贸易逆差?与其限制进口“中国制造”,不如放松对华出口管制。10年前,笔者就测量过美国《出口管理条例》和《出口管制商品清单》中文版的重量,前者562页,950克;后者388页,650克。10年过去了,美国的出口管理规章篇幅有增无减;复杂的出口管制制度,给美国出口商及其国外客户带来多少额外不确定性,由此可见一斑。更何况一块受管制的核心部件本身价值可能不高,结果却导致价值上千、上万倍的整机交易受阻。例如,一块被视为军民两用、用于波音飞机上的芯片,价值不过1000美元,但这项申请实际影响的交易却可能上亿美元。

美国想通过贸易战重创中国崛起的势头?这早已被历史证明纯属幻想。1989年起,美国就开始对中国使用“301条款”。结果是,美国现价GDP从中国的11.39倍(1989年)缩小到1.63倍(2016年),中国超越美国成为世界第一制造业大国、第一出口大国、第一外汇储备大国、唯一拥有联合国产业分类所有工业门类的国家。时至今日,中国对美出口大宗货物在美市场占有率,往往是美国对华出口大宗货物在华市场占有率的两三倍,倘若引爆相互报复的贸易战,对美国市场的冲击程度将远远大于对中国市场的扰乱。

想通过更严厉的知识产权规则削弱中国竞争力?更难!须知,中国研究与试验发展人员全时当量已经从1991年67.1万人上升到2016年的385万人;中国每年新毕业理工科学生人数世界第一;中国研究与试验发展经费支出已经从1995年的348.7亿元、占同年GDP的0.57%,提升到2016年的1.55万亿元、占同年GDP的2.08%;华为、中兴已经连续多年位居全世界国际专利最多企业前三名……

不难看出,通过动用“301条款”,很难达成上述动机的其中任何一个。那么,山姆大叔究竟图什么?在经济之外,特朗普需要向美国选民、向支持者显示自己在努力为美国经济开拓海外市场、为美国人民争取就业机会。在高度表演化的西方政治中,还有什么比向中国大喊大叫更能向美国选民显示这一点呢?至于是否真的有利于增加就业,又有谁真正关心呢?

我们对“301调查”大棒嗤之以鼻之余,还要对特朗普、对美国人民表示“同情”。毕竟美国对华挥舞的“301调查”大棒,伤不了中国的筋骨,而美国的“否决政治”泥潭却正实实在在困住或许想干实事的特朗普,以及想看到政府干实事的美国人民。

(■ 梅新育 作者为商务部研究院研究员)

404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/10000166/20170816/31105060.html
Server: cms-8-251
Date: 2024/06/27 02:15:53

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/10000166/20170816/31105060.html
Server: cms-8-251
Date: 2024/06/27 02:15:53

Powered by China
China

相关阅读

404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/10000166/20170816/31105060.html
Server: cms-8-251
Date: 2024/06/27 02:15:53

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/10000166/20170816/31105060.html
Server: cms-8-251
Date: 2024/06/27 02:15:53

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/10000166/20170816/31105060.html
Server: cms-8-251
Date: 2024/06/27 02:15:53

Powered by China
China
分享到:
0 0
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/10000166/20170816/31105060.html
Server: cms-8-251
Date: 2024/06/27 02:15:53

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/10000166/20170816/31105060.html
Server: cms-8-251
Date: 2024/06/27 02:15:53

Powered by China
China

美图推荐

404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/10000166/20170816/31105060.html
Server: cms-8-251
Date: 2024/06/27 02:15:53

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/10000166/20170816/31105060.html
Server: cms-8-251
Date: 2024/06/27 02:15:53

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/10000166/20170816/31105060.html
Server: cms-8-251
Date: 2024/06/27 02:15:53

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/10000166/20170816/31105060.html
Server: cms-8-251
Date: 2024/06/27 02:15:53

Powered by China
China

为您推荐

加载更多>>
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/10000166/20170816/31105060.html
Server: cms-8-251
Date: 2024/06/27 02:15:53

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/10000166/20170816/31105060.html
Server: cms-8-251
Date: 2024/06/27 02:15:53

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/10000166/20170816/31105060.html
Server: cms-8-251
Date: 2024/06/27 02:15:53

Powered by China
China