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特朗普授权审查 美“301调查”伤害到底有多大

2017-08-15 18:16:01   新华网

新华社北京8月15日电(全球热点)特朗普授权审查 美“301调查”伤害到底有多大

新华社记者

美国总统特朗普14日签署行政备忘录,授权贸易代表莱特希泽审查所谓的“中国贸易行为”,包括中国在技术转让等知识产权领域的做法。获授权后,莱特希泽可能按照美国《1974年贸易法》第301条,对中国发起所谓的“301调查”。

专家解读,上世纪八九十年代,美国曾频繁对包括中国在内的多个贸易伙伴发起“301调查”。时移世易,在中美利益交融日深的今天,双方已形成“你中有我、我中有你”的紧密合作格局,经贸关系韧性也越来越强,“301调查”这种过时的单边主义举措对双方无益,不会撼动双边合作大局。

  【新闻事实】

特朗普当天在白宫签署行政备忘录,授权美国贸易代表莱特希泽动用所有可用的政策选项,以确保“公平和对等的贸易规则”。

分析人士称,莱特希泽可能会对中国发起“301调查”。这一法律工具授权美国贸易代表可对他国“不合理”或“不公平”的贸易做法发起调查,并可在调查结束后建议美国总统实施加征关税、限制进口等单边制裁。

不过,这并不意味着美国将立刻启动相关具体调查,也不意味着一定会出台针对中国的制裁措施。美国官员先前说,美方如果决定发起“301调查”,将首先与中方进行磋商,相关磋商预计将持续一年或一年半时间。

  【深度分析】

有美国专家指出,这种单边主义举措只是“政治上的权宜之策”,无益于解决美国自身的经济问题,也将伤及美国的国际形象。

前白宫贸易顾问、美国智库彼得森国际经济研究所高级研究员理查·鲍恩说,美国应寻求通过世贸组织规则而非“301调查”等过时的单边制裁工具来解决贸易争端,“虽然没有正式协议要求美国必须停止使用‘301调查’,但对美国来说确实不必再度使用这项法律条款,因为世贸组织已拥有有效的争端解决机制。”

在全球化和国际合作日益密切的形势下,鲍恩认为,当今世界与上世纪八九十年代大不相同,“301调查”工具已然过时。

前美国贸易代表迈克尔·弗罗曼警告,过去数十年,历届美国政府都要求其他国家遵守全球贸易规则,如果特朗普政府开始绕开世贸组织而采取“老掉牙”的单边制裁措施,其他国家将可对美国展开合法报复,甚至效仿美国采取单边举措,瓦解以规则为基础的国际贸易秩序。

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