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英国改用中国数学教科书 美媒:大反转!西方教育向东看

2017-08-07 11:05:45   中国青年网

资料图片:“九九乘法表”走进英国小学课堂。在英国伦敦东北部埃塞克斯郡的哈里斯小学,一名三年级(相当于国内二年级)的小学生在白板上用竖式计算。 新华社记者韩岩摄

美媒称,英国改用中国教科书,以提高学生的数学成绩。

据美国《纽约时报》网站8月5日报道,2009年,上海学生首次参加国际性标准化考试就击败了来自数十个国家的竞争对手,令全球教育工作者震惊。有人将此称作西方国家被赶超的“尴尬时刻”。

现在,一些英国学校试图通过采用翻译版的中国教材来复制这一成功。这些教材与上海公立小学使用的课本完全一致。

报道称,从1月开始,英国老师可以选择使用《真实上海数学》教材,这套共计36本的教材直接由中文翻译成英文。

美国堪萨斯大学教育学教授赵勇说:“一直以来,亚洲人都在学习西方的教育体系。这一情况突然出现了反转。”

报道称,早前,西方课堂也曾采取亚洲的数学教学法。过去,西方国家的少数学校试验过新加坡式的教学法,它类似于上海所使用的教学法。上海被认为拥有中国最好的数学老师。

但专家称,英国是首个锐意推进这项受政府支持的大胆计划的国家,该计划旨在用东方教学法改造课堂。根据这项由政府出资5400万美元的计划,英国超过半数以上的小学将采用上海和新加坡等一流教学地区所使用的数学教学法。

负责小学教育事务的英国教育大臣尼克·吉布在去年宣布这一计划,他说:“我对现在采取的措施很有信心,一定能让年轻人为未来的学习和21世纪的工作做好充分准备;而且我们经常听到的‘不会数学’的说法将成为过去时。”

报道称,根据这种被称为“熟练掌握”的教学法,学生极少生硬地学习数学概念,这让他们可以更深入地了解这些概念。举例而言,老师会让学生在不同的情况下运用“整体的一部分”这一基本原理来理解分数概念,并使用图形表示和其他可视技术来解释抽象概念。理论上,只有当全班学生都表示理解或“熟练掌握”某一概念后,老师才会进入下一步的教学工作。

据认为,“熟练掌握”教学法让香港、上海和新加坡的学生在国际学生评估计划(PISA)测试中名列前茅。该计划每3年会对全球60多个国家约50万名15岁学生进行测试。

2009年和2012年,上海学生在阅读、科学和数学能力方面的得分都超过其他国家的选手。专家称,除“熟练掌握”教学法外,其他因素也决定了这一成功,比如父母的高度参与和重视教育的文化。

相形之下,很多西方国家已经落伍,在近年来的测试排名中几乎没有进步。举例而言,美国通常在总成绩榜上处于中等或中等偏下的位置。2015年,英国学生的数学成绩排名仅为第27位,比3年前再降一位。

对一个拥有数所世界一流大学的国家——英国而言,向东看是一种彻底改变。

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