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【环球网军事报道】据美国《国家利益》双月刊网站7月12日报道,在俄罗斯和中国研发进程的刺激之下,美国空军正在采取措施,以获取飞行速度超过5马赫的高超音速地对空导弹。
20多年来,美国空军一直在试验高超音速技术。但是截至2017年年中,实验还没有转化为行之有效的武器。这可能很快就会发生改变。2017年6月29日,美国空军物资司令部公布了一份通告,要求相关承包商描述自身与高超音速弹药相关的设计和制造能力。
空军说,供应商必须在高超音速空气动力学、航空热力保护系统、固体火箭发动机、弹头和导弹一体化、先进的高超音速制导、导航和控制等领域具备能力。高超音速弹药的速度至少达到音速的5倍,这对现有的武器具有巨大的优势。高速使得高超音速导弹难以被拦截或者躲避。一枚飞行速度为5马赫的弹药的动能使其具备巨大破坏力。就其自身而言,五角大楼为高超音速武器制订了几个平行的发展路径。它的2018年预算请求包括2.92亿美元的高超音速研发费用。
美国国防部高级研究项目局、美国国家航空航天局和空军曾试验过高超音速武器,最引人注目的是波音公司制造的X-51A“驭波者”飞行器,这是一种2吨重、25英尺长的双级飞行器,装有可拆卸火箭助推器和内置超燃冲压发动机。助推器将飞行器加速到4.5马赫,此时,喷气冲压喷气机接管过来,并将最高时速提到5马赫。自2010年以来,X-51已经飞行4次。2013年5月,它进行了最新且最成功的测试。一架B-52轰炸机在太平洋上空发射了一架X-51A飞行器。它以5.1马赫的最高时速飞行了6分钟。
中国和俄罗斯都声称正在研发高超音速武器,让美国感到了紧迫性。据报道,中国的WU-14高超音速飞行器在2014年至2016年之间飞行了7次。俄罗斯在2015年试射了它的Yu-71高超音速飞行器。
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