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杨振宁回国养老享福?中科院院士:他回国做5项贡献

2017-09-20 07:26:59   中国青年网

3致力于杰出人才培养的教育家

杨先生回归之际抒怀的“归根”诗中有两句:“学子凌云志,我当指路松”。培养中国杰出人才是杨振宁先生归根以后最看重的一项使命,也是他花费时间和心血最多的。作为诺贝尔物理奖的大师和文理兼通、中西融汇的教育家,杨先生回归后培养杰出人才是多方面、多层次和全局性的:包括本科生、博士研究生、博士后和年轻访问学者的培养;包括基础课的讲授,讲座,讨论,本科生杰出人才培养模式的探索,中国和美国教育的比较;涉及清华高等研究院和物理系,清华全体学生,全国几十所高校。

大学的本科教育是高校之本,教师授课是基本职责,然而教学是个“良心活”,是否尽力只有自己心知,外人很难考评。2004年秋季学期,杨先生鉴于中国许多大学的知名教授不给本科生上课的现状,主动为清华物理系和数学系8个班200余名大一新生讲了一学期的“大学物理”课(图5)。82岁的诺贝尔奖获得者,以其独特的见解、深入的理解,每周两次、每次两个45分钟讲授基础课,常常在课间的5分钟休息时间还在讲课。不仅学生们受益,全国许多高校的教师也在旁边教室观看直播,细细品味杨先生讲课与众不同的地方和精妙之处。杨先生给大一新生授课为所有大学教师树立了高标准,鼓舞了活跃在教学第一线的广大教师,也推动了清华许多研究做得好的老师走上讲台。

清华物理系有培养本科学生的两个特别的program,一是基础科学班,另一是清华学堂物理班。两者都是探索如何使学生更好地成长为世界级的杰出人才。杨先生对基础科学班和学堂班学生的成长十分关心。图6为2010年4月1日清华学堂物理班开班仪式上杨振宁讲话时拍的一张照片。杨先生神采奕奕竖起一个指头说“10年以后,我们再聚首,评价这种学习模式是成功的还是失败的。我说这话是认真的!”时光飞逝,清华学堂物理班成立很快就要10周年了,到了再请杨先生来帮助我们总结清华学堂班成败的时候了!我经常邀请杨先生给清华物理系学生和学堂班学生面对面讨论问题,他从不推辞。图7是有一次与学堂班学生面对面讨论时,他认真聆听学生提问的画面。

图62010年4月10日,杨振宁先生在清华学堂物理班开班仪式上。

图7杨振宁先生在清华学堂物理班做报告的时候,学生上台提问,他在认真聆听。

杨先生领导的高等研究院以优良的学风和卓越的导师吸引、影响和培养了很多中国年青一代的科学家。杨先生“我的学习与研究经历”报告和文章[7]成为杨振宁对学生和青年科学家的“十诫”。近些年来,清华物理系已经有多位毕业生在国际上崭露头角。以美国斯隆基金设立的斯隆研究奖为例(1955年设立,专门奖励在职业生涯早期的杰出年轻学者,获奖者中已有43人获诺贝尔奖,16人获菲尔茨奖),2010年以来,毕业于清华物理系获得斯隆奖的有祁晓亮、许岑珂、檀时钠、陈汐、沈悦、马登科、亓磊、陈谐等8位,其中多人在科学馆这个学术殿堂中得到升华,即使在本科阶段也在这里获益匪浅。清华大学高等研究中心至今一共毕业了65名博士,走出了很多非常优秀的人才,“土博士”获得国外名校教职的约10人,在国内大学任教、有各种头衔的更是数不胜数。比如,2007年博士毕业的祁晓亮,现在已是斯坦福大学的教授;2005年博士毕业的翟荟是杨先生回国后带的唯一一名博士,他已经是国家杰出青年基金的获得者,清华大学高等研究院教授,是国内最好的一位冷原子理论研究的专家,与许多实验组有非常广泛和密切的合作。图8是高等研究院2011年的博士毕业典礼。

作为一位睿智的物理学家,又是对中美教育都非常熟悉的教育家,杨先生经常比较中国和美国的教育的优缺点。杨先生很多观点,特别是对如何培养中国一流科学人才的看法,是值得我们深思的。他对中美教育的长处和短处有清醒的认识,认为中国大学教育有利于70—85分的学生,而美国大学教育对于90分以上的学生是有好处的。在一次中美物理教学研讨会上,他说道“由于深及历史和文化的原因,关于教育的哲学,中美之间存在巨大的差异。单词‘Educate’系从一个含义为‘养育’、‘抚育’拉丁文单词衍生而来。反观汉语中,‘教育’是两个汉字,‘育’字的含义为‘抚育’,它之前的‘教’字的含义是‘教导’。在中国的教育哲学中,教导和养育至少同等重要。教育一词,中美二者之异,含义非凡。我想这一巨大的差异还没有被教育家、教育者和教授们所充分分析。”

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