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瞭望|企业养老金增幅为何放缓?

2017-09-14 14:26:23   新华网

◆ 其一,经多年调整,企业职工养老金已由2004年月均647元,提高到2016年2500元左右,企业退休人员养老金待遇水平较低问题得到改善,养老金待遇调整可回到正常状况

◆ 其二,需考虑经济增速、平均工资增长、居民消费价格指数等因素,养老金上调幅度不低于物价上涨、不高于工资长幅,都属于合理区间

◆ 其三,要考虑财政承受能力和社保基金支付能力,随着老龄化加剧,养老金面临收不抵支的挑战

目前,全国31个省、区、市已全部公布养老金调整方案。“定额调整、挂钩调整与适当倾斜相结合”的调整办法,成为各地共识。

此轮调整,是按照今年4月人社部、财政部下发的通知,从2017年1月1日起,按照平均5.5%的幅度提高企业和机关事业单位退休人员养老金标准。这也是第二次企业和机关事业单位退休人员同步调整基本养老金。

自2005年以来,我国企业退休人员养老金实现了十三连涨。但有分析指出,2005年至2015年,企业退休人员养老金增幅大多保持在10%左右。而在2016年放缓至6.5%,今年的5.5%则成为近年来的增幅新低。

企业退休人员养老金增幅为何会放缓?

其一,十余年间,企业职工养老金连续按照10%的比例往上调,主要是为了解决企业退休人员养老金待遇水平较低,与机关事业单位退休人员养老金待遇差别大所采取的一项措施。经多年调整,企业职工养老金已经由2004年月均647元,提高到2016年2500元左右。在这一大背景下,养老金待遇调整可以回到正常状况,参照国际通行养老金调整机制进行调整。

实际上,一些地区仍在努力缩小机关事业单位和企业单位的养老金差距。例如,江苏在此轮调整中特别提出,企业退休人员人均调整幅度将超过6%,机关事业单位退休人员人均调整幅度在4.5%左右,进一步缩小两类人群基本养老金的相对差距。

其二,养老金调整幅度的确定,需考虑国内经济增速、平均工资增长、居民消费价格指数等因素。2016年,国内生产总值比上年增长6.7%,前3季度职工平均工资增幅仅为6.3%,居民消费价格指数仅为2%。这些年我国经济增速、职工工资增长率都在放缓,居民消费价格指数也在逐年走低,导致养老金增幅相应下调。通常而言,养老金上调幅度不低于物价上涨、不高于在岗职工工资增长幅度,都属于合理区间。

其三,养老金调整也要考虑财政承受能力和社保基金支付能力。人社部最新数据显示,2016年年末全国基本养老保险基金收入37991亿元,比上年增长18%,全年基本养老保险基金支出34004亿元,比上年增长21.8%,支出增幅大于收入增幅。当前,我国养老保险基金收支平衡,略有结余。但随着老龄化加剧,养老金也面临收不抵支的挑战。

养老金的调整,是手段、是方法,其根本目的,还在于逐步缩小不同地区、不同群体之间的养老金差距,提升低收入群体的养老金水平,让老年人共享社会经济发展成果。

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