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一件事出动15个部委 要对标美国、欧洲和日本

2017-09-14 10:07:58   中国网

政知见再翻译一下,其实就六个字:有必要、搞得起。

“有必要”。不用多说了,打从政知君懂事起,从来没见过人民群众像现在这么关心空气、环境和水。改善大气环境,已经成了从中央到地方最迫切而又复杂的问题之一。

搞得起。一个是乙醇汽油是好东西。中国国际工程咨询公司石化轻纺部副主任乐有华对媒体表示,乙醇汽油的使用对于环境的友好是全面的:以玉米为原料的燃料乙醇,全生命周期里大概一吨乙醇可以减排34%,如果2025年纤维素乙醇商业化运行并得到快速发展,那么这个环保效益就更加明显了,可以达到75%以上。

粉碎谣言

那么,我们现在已经有的乙醇汽油是个什么情况?

车辆专家潘旭东告诉政知见,我们用的是10%的燃料乙醇+90%汽油。但这被叫做“E10”的合成品,试点多年来褒贬不一。各大论坛对其质疑集中在三方面:油耗高、动力差、腐蚀发动机。

不过潘旭东的解答可以让政知见充当一次科普的“谣言粉碎机”。

首先,关于油耗。

乙醇的“功力”大概只相当于普通汽油的六成,低了40%。但需要注意的是,E10乙醇汽油的热值比普通汽油理论上只差3.8%。假设此前的轿车一箱油可以跑500公里,加E10可以跑480公里,这并不是一个不可接受的数字。

但实际上还不能直接按照理论值计算。专家称,乙醇的辛烷值高,弥补了1%-2%油耗的损失。并且它本身含氧,燃烧更加充分,又可弥补1%-2%。

根据清华大学环境学院上百组试验数据显示,目前几种国Ⅲ国Ⅳ国Ⅴ的普通车型都没有发现,能耗因为用了乙醇汽油而上升。

其次,关于动力。

潘旭东表示,因为目前所生产的车用内燃机,一些出力特性标定,都是按照纯汽油或柴油而来的,当加入了10%乙醇后,理论上或许会造成一些出力特性不符,影响动力。但是他强调,这个影响即使有也很微弱,日常开车并不会觉察。“排量相对大一些的车,受到的影响会更小。”

最后,关于腐蚀。“可以肯定的是,网传的腐蚀发动机是不必担心的,酒精是无法腐蚀金属部件的。”

一箭双雕

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