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国外怎么监管比特币?韩国最严 日本最宽松 美国牌照化管理

2017-09-12 07:57:25   中国青年网

9月11日,彭博社消息称,在上周指出ICO(虚拟代币首次发行)属于非法集资行为之后,中国计划禁止比特币及其他虚拟货币的人民币交易,这对全球1500亿美元的虚拟货币市场造成了震动。

彭博社称,一位不愿具名的接近此事的人士表示,目前监管部门无意于禁止比特币场外交易。而中国央行尚未对此事回应。

中国虚拟货币全面进入严监管时期,而纵观全球,越来越多的国家将比特币纳入监管范围之内,但态度还是颇为不同的,总体来看,日本、新加坡、英国、澳大利亚对比特币较为友好;美国的情况比较复杂,各个州的态度不一;俄罗斯、泰国的态度经历了从严令禁止到逐步放松;韩国如同中国一样,正在加强通过数字货币洗钱、非法融资的调查,可以说是最严苛的。

今年以来,央行入驻京沪三大比特币交易所并提出反洗钱、收取交易费等措施,再到认定ICO为非法公开融资行为,苏宁金融研究互联网金融中心主任薛洪言对澎湃新闻表示,我国金融行业正处于强监管阶段,各个细分业态全面收紧,在此大环境影响下,哪里有风险,哪里便会有强监管,在ICO代币发行和虚拟货币投资交易领域,的确存在一系列的风险隐患,于是就引来了监管的介入。

“从深层次上看,主要的原因应该在于对于比特币等虚拟货币的内在价值,目前仍然存在两极化的争议,若肯定虚拟货币的价值,在监管上会更倾向于包容,若认为虚拟货币没有切实的价值,在监管上则会倾向于严格监管,”薛洪言称

比特币日本:认定比特币为合法支付方式

今年4月1日,日本国内对修订过的《支付服务法案》正式生效,比特币作为虚拟货币支付手段合法性得到承认。这个修正法案还对《犯罪收益转移预防法案》进行了修订,要求比特币交易所实施比目前更加严格的KYC政策(即Know your customer,了解你的客户政策,指对账户持有人的强化审查,了解资金来源合法性,是反洗钱用于预防腐败的制度基础)。交易所必须开始核查开户用户的身份,保管交易记录,并且向监管机构报告可疑交易。

此外,在央行入驻中国比特币交易所,并要求交易所收取交易费用之后, 7月1日,日本新版消费税正式生效,比特币交易正式不再需要缴纳8%的消费税。也就是说,日本政府已经批准免除数字货币交易税,包括比特币。这也是导致日本取代中国,成为比特币交易第一大国的原因之一。

在日本,比特币的主要监管者是日本金融服务局(FSA)和日本央行(BOJ)。

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