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监管风暴来袭 第三方支付迎大洗牌

2017-07-27 09:48:31   新华网

今年年初,中国人民银行发布了《中国人民银行办公厅关于实施支付机构客户备付金集中存管有关事项的通知》,客户备付金集中存管制度正式建立。根据规定,支付机构应将客户备付金按照一定比例交存至指定机构专用存款账户,首次交存的平均比例为20%左右,最终将实现全部客户备付金集中存管。

客户备付金是非银行支付机构预收其客户的待付货币资金,不属于支付机构的自有财产。此前,支付机构将客户备付金以自身名义在多家银行开立账户分散存放。央行相关负责人表示,建立支付机构客户备付金集中存管制度,主要目的是纠正和防止支付机构挪用、占用客户备付金,保障客户资金安全,并引导支付机构回归业务本源。

除了备付金集中存管之外,近期上线的网联平台也被业内人士高度关注。此前,第三方支付普遍采取直连银行的模式来进行资金的转接清算。王蓬博表示,这种直连银行的模式绕开了央行的清算系统,使银行、央行无法掌握具体的交易信息,无法掌握准确的资金流向。同时,该模式给反洗钱、金融监管、货币政策调节、金融数据分析等央行的各项金融工作带来了很大困难。

“网联建成后,等于在第三方支付和银行间竖起了一堵能够接通的墙。原则上讲,任何第三方支付机构想要接入银行,用户进行跨行转账,未来只有两种方式,一种是走银联的清算渠道,一种通过网联平台。网联平台作为第四方金融服务平台,在不直接对消费者提供金融服务,并且不碰触资金的情况下,通过统筹银行和第三方金融机构,间接地为市场和消费者提供服务。”王蓬博说,网联平台可掌握具体商品交易信息和资金流向,防范洗钱、挪用备付金等行为,其建立也对第三方支付行业的风险进行了有效管控。

网联平台已经正式启动业务切量,不过,业内人士表示,网联平台仅刚刚起步,到目前为止,还未经历过类似“双十一”这样的大规模交易流量的考验。应该说,未来其交易架构还有进一步完善的空间,系统成熟也还有很长一段路要走。

大势显

未来市场将继续整合洗牌

可以预见的是,监管层对第三方支付领域的强化监管和风险防范将持续下去。

针对第三方支付领域,樊爽文表示,人民银行将继续把“能进能出”作为市场监管常态,加大市场退出力度。除通过分类评级加大机构市场退出压力外,还通过支付业务许可证续展工作,遵循“总量控制、结构优化、提高质量、有序发展”的原则,推动机构合并、调减业务范围、注销许可证等方式增加市场退出渠道。

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