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基本法20周年 张德江促香港就国家安全立法(图)

2017-05-27 13:19:20   中国网

(2)维持繁荣稳定,资本主义制度不变。按照基本法第5, 6, 105,   106-119条,特区实行资本主义制度,保护私有财产,中央政府不在香港征税;特区政府提供适当的经济和法律环境,以保持香港的国际金融中心和自由港的地位,不实行外汇管制,实行低税制,促进制造业、商业、旅游业、房地产业、运输业、公用事业和服务性行业等的发展。香港自1995年起,连续23年被传统基金会(Heritage   Foundation)   评为全球最自由经济体系;从1997年至2016年,本地生产总值年均增长为3.2%,财政储备增长98.5%,外汇储备增加3.16倍,失业率在3.3%上下。回归后香港经历过两场金融风暴,全球经济一体化的冲击,泡沫经济爆破,工业衰退,周边竞争力强,依然有这个成绩,是得力于根基稳固,法治健全,政府廉洁,投资环境好,更重要的是,香港为内地企业提供良好的融资市场,也得到国家政策的支持,例如CEPA,     自由行,人民币离岸结算业务,沪港通,深港通等等,让香港能得到国家经济强劲之利,两制运作灵活之便。因此,从保持资本主义经济和繁荣稳定而言,“一国两制”为香港带来实实在在的好处。

(3)生活方式不变,人权和自由受到基本法的保障。基本法第三章保障了居民的基本权利和自由。它把法律面前人人平等,言论、新闻、出版、结社、集会、游行、示威、组织和参加工会、罢工的权利和自由,人身自由、通讯、迁徙、信仰、职业、学术、文化活动、婚姻和生育的自由,法律咨询和代理、行政诉讼、社会福利和劳工的权利、及原居民的合法权益都受到保障。《种族歧视条例》、《最低工资条例》,免费教育从九年增加到十二年,妇女事务委员会和扶贫委员会等都是回归以后改善民生、保障人权的措施。加拿大的菲沙研究所(Fraser   Institute) 发表的2016年人类自由指数香港排名榜首,这也是自2008年起一连六年的排名。   1997-2016年,香港人口平均预期寿命在20年内增加3.8岁,是全球最高寿的地方;社会福利开支增长超过两倍。生活方式能够不变,是由于基本法给予的保障,以及法治显彰的成果。

(4)法治健全,司法独立。基本法提供了很好的司法制度,包括法官任免机制,让法官在审理案件时不受任何干预。任何人尝试影响法官的判决,会受到妨碍司法公正及藐视法庭的刑事制裁,而经过试用期后,法官只可在无力履行职责或行为不检的情况下,经不少于三名当地法官组成的审议庭调查属实,方可予以免职,因此法官可以履行就职时的宣誓:   无惧、无偏、无私、无欺地行使职权。香港有独立和专业的检控和法律人才,熟识法治原则,不但向当事人问责,还以法庭从属员(Officer of   the   Court)的身份向法院负责。市民在符合相关条件下能获得法律援助、当值律师、免费法律咨询等服务,有助取得司法公正。特区立法机关通过的法律不得与基本法以及基本法保障人权的条文有所抵触,因而在法律上、制度上和措施上,都能保障法治和司法独立。回归后世界经济论坛的环球竞争力报告,一直对香港的法治和司法独立的评价,都是名列前茅的。基本法第35条给予香港居民秘密法律咨询、选择律师保护合法权益,向法庭寻求司法补救,并就行政行为向法院提起诉讼。20年来,司法复核案件大幅增加,显示市民对司法机关的信任,以及有充分争取司法公义的机会。

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