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基本法20周年 张德江促香港就国家安全立法(图)

2017-05-27 13:19:20   中国网

起草基本法前后用了近五年时间,三上三下,进行了三次大规模全国性咨询,一步一步开展。起草工作的第一步是在香港进行广泛的调研,通过座谈和访问,了解社会各界意见。然后由秘书处拟出《基本法结构草案》,列出各个章节的大致内容。经过认真讨论和反复修改,起草委员会在1986年4月第二次全体会议上通过了《基本法结构草案》。其后起草委员会成立五个专题小组,分别负责中央与特区关系、政治体制、居民基本权利和义务、经济以及教育科学文化五个部分条文的起草工作。

各专题小组先后共举行了73次小组会议,并广泛咨询香港社会各界意见,起草出基本法各部分的具体条文,然后再由总体工作小组进行修改调整,最后形成了《基本法草案征求意见稿》,并在1988年4月的起草委员会第七次全体会议上通过。

《基本法草案征求意见稿》发表后,起草委员会用了五个月的时间在全国范围征求意见,对条文修改超过100处,涉及实质内容修改有80多处,其中有50多项修改是来自基本法咨询委员会收集的意见。1989年1月,基本法起草委员会第八次全体会议通过了《基本法(草案)》,当时条文是逐项以不记名投票方式表决的,除了第19条外,所有条文都是获全体委员三分之二多数支持通过。

同年2月,全国人大常委会公布《基本法(草案)》,并继续在香港和内地广泛征求意见。起草委员会在1990年2月第九次全体会议以三分之二多数通过了对基本法草案的二十四个修改提案,包括对第19条的修正案,确定了草案的最后定稿。1990年4月,全国人大审议通过基本法。当时的舆论显示,香港社会是普遍满意这部未来特区的宪制性文件的。

基本法自1997年7月1日香港回归祖国起实施,至今已经20年。在这20年里,尽管遇到一些问题,但全面客观地评价,基本法的落实是成功的。香港特别行政区按照基本法行使行政管理权、立法权,以及独立的司法权和终审权,特区居民的权利和自由得到保障,比回归前有过之而无不及。特区政府还可以在经贸文化等领域同世界各国、各地区及有关国际组织保持和发展关系,签订和履行协议。香港原有的资本主义制度和生活方式也得到保持。今天香港仍然是世界公认最自由的经济体,国际都会和金融中心的地位十分稳固。

总结基本法的起草和实施,我们可以说,“一国两制”的构想得到了实现,以和平方式解决国与国之间的分歧,让香港顺利回归,促进了国家统一。“一国两制”也妥善地解决了一个国家之内制度和经济差异的问题,让香港和内地能够共同发展。在“一国两制”的实践过程中,我们可以看到,香港在困难的时候,例如亚洲金融危机和非典期间,得到国家的全力支持;香港在寻求发展机遇的时候,也有紧靠内地的先天优势,例如在推动金融市场互联互通,以及发展离岸人民币中心等方面。可以说,以基本法为基础的“一国两制”,是一项伟大的制度创新,它既维护了国家的统一和领土完整,也充分照顾香港的特殊情况和港人利益,并有力地促进了香港的繁荣稳定。基本法的实践证明,“一国两制”不但现实可行,而且是对香港最好的制度安排,无论过去、现在还是将来,都是如此。

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