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房地产成贪官洗钱途径:用赃款购房出租收租金洗白

2017-04-27 00:26:35   法制日报

“洗钱并不是单一交易或者行为能够完成的,随着监管力度的加大,洗钱的方式将越来越多样,越来越复杂,周期也越来越长。”王树德说。

此外,记者通过梳理注意到,一些贪腐官员的洗钱方式更加隐秘。

例如,通过本人或他人名义购房,如“房姐”龚爱爱和房叔蔡彬等;再就是以低于市场价购房变相受贿,如江苏省南通市国资委原副调研员张明鑫和南通市政协原副秘书长王丽娟以低于市场价267万元价格购买南通建工商铺,即构成变相收受贿赂;还有房地产中介机构勾结签订虚假销售合同,将“黑钱”混入房地产交易资金中。

“还有,比如某人受贿所得现金100万元,他不敢把这笔钱直接存到银行,但是他可以买一套市值220万元的房子,这时候直接付给房屋卖家100万元现金做首付,但是与卖家商量好网签价格120万元。卖家实际到手220万元,也不会在乎网签价格高低。”一名曾接触过此类事例的链家中介人员向记者透露,“一年后,买房者以250万元的价格将房子转手卖掉。这时候,他最初受贿的100万元就通过房屋升值的名义洗白了。”

对于上述中介的表述,北京大学廉政建设研究中心副主任庄德水说,“这类交易人不在乎网签价格,只在乎钱已经洗白了,即使损失一点也无所谓。他们为了洗钱是愿意缴税的,拿出百分之十七到二十的税缴了,剩下的钱就变成合法收益了”。

据庄德水了解,在房地产领域,具体的洗钱方式有很多种,比如投资入股和开公司,或者与卖房者协商好,采取低价合同高价购房的方式。“再比如,在电视剧《人民的名义》中,汉东油气集团董事长刘新建将7亿元公款给山水集团开发大风厂项目,这就是一种洗钱方式,钱通过这样的方式洗白,已经实现了增值,增值部分可能就远远大于原来的非法所得。其实,洗钱就是通过税收的方式、通过增值的方式、通过所有权转移的方式,把非法的钱变成形式上合法的钱”。

违法违规资金进入楼市

纵观目前的各种信息,目前对此次楼市调控可能产生的影响,大家似乎都把焦点放在贪腐官员的“黑钱”上。不过,在业内人士看来,楼市调控还可能衍生出其他影响,还将封堵其他领域的“黑钱”。

房地产市场热度高的时候,不少投资投机资本入市买房不断加杠杆——这早已是路人皆知。然而,后面的事情,大家不一定了解——在楼市加杠杆情况下,银行发放的消费贷之类贷款很多被用于购房的首付环节。

“个人消费贷款的发放和法人单位贷款的发放不同。对于法人单位贷款来说,银行直接将贷款资金由银行支付至交易(采购)对手的账户,以完成用途监管。”北京某大型房地产中介马家堡地区门店店长向记者介绍说,个人消费贷款则由银行直接将贷款资金发放到个人账户。个人消费贷款虽然也有用途约束,但贷款机构的监管成本很高,“在房地产市场热起来之后,有人会想,不仅我的个人消费贷款可以用于首付加杠杆,我的配偶、亲属申请的消费贷款一样可以给我用来加杠杆”。

对于个人消费贷款的监管,除了监管成本高这一问题,还有一些规避监管的办法,比如取现。现实情况是,将贷款取现后支付,贷款用途监管就比较费劲了。

“现在,政策强调使用银行卡账户支付进行交易,他人其他类型的贷款若想用于特定某个人的购房首付加杠杆,惟一的路径就是转账——从贷款申请人的账户转到要买房投资人的银行卡里,这样才能支付。”上述中介分析说,但是,转账过程和之后用于买房的支付过程都将留存交易记录,这也意味着,一旦银行追究起来,贷款申请人改变贷款用途的证据就相当充分。

对此,易居研究院智库中心研究总监严跃进表示了认同,“从政策层面看,对于当前楼市部分交易资金的定性是比较严厉的,即不是简单地炒房和投资投机等违规资金,而是各类违法资金,所以此类严厉的定调会使得后续此类管制加强。预计对于一些大额的房产交易会有定期审查的机制,进而有助于对高端物业等楼盘交易形成较大的抑制作用”。

“房子是用来住的,不是用来炒的”。在受访的业内人士看来,当违法违规资金被全面清理出房地产市场之后,面对没钱没杠杆可以用来炒房的市场,投资客自然会转身离开。

责任编辑:穆启春 CN063
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