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积极应对房地产市场逆调控倾向

2017-04-25 09:59:18   经济参考报

我国楼市一直存在屡调屡涨现象。去年“9·30”热点楼市房地产调控新政出台,短短半年间,热点城市及其周边房地产调控政策随之全面升级。然而,今年年初以来,部分热点城市房地产市场急剧升温,虽然新房价格涨幅回落,但二手住宅成交活跃,并辐射至周边楼市,市场投机炒作动力充足。

2017年3月,北京、厦门、广州的二手住宅价格指数环比分别上涨2.2%、4.9%、3.3%,高出同期新建商品住宅价格指数环比涨幅1.8个、3个和0.8个百分点。环北京周边楼市房价也出现大幅上涨,三线城市新建商品住宅价格同比涨幅环比2月份扩大0.4个百分点,完全脱离了市场基本面和合理发展预期的支持。

这些情况表明,当前楼市仍存在一定的逆调控倾向。过去近二十年累积且几无风险的楼市财富增值效应,已经制造出不容小觑的投机炒作力量,致使房地产市场走向往往与政策调控方向相背离。面对政府调控举措,市场投机炒作力量不是主动“偃旗息鼓”,而是到处“兴风作浪”,既增大了房地产市场运行的风险,也极大地增加了房地产市场调控的复杂性。这已成为当前宏观调控和金融治理的难点,值得高度警惕。

局部楼市的逆调控倾向,也在提示政策制定者们,需要高度关注市场的非理性反应。这是因为,调控政策与房地产市场始终处于动态博弈之中,房地产市场规模急剧扩大所形成的投机炒作力量,并不会完全顺应政策调控方向自我约束,反而会挖空心思消极或逆向应对。尽管没有一个群体或个人可以完全左右房地产价格走势,但考虑到当前楼市信息不对称、房价上涨预期没有根本逆转,以及楼市流动性欠缺等因素,热点楼市实际上是一个带有较高垄断性的竞争市场,少量交易就可能在很大程度上左右市场价格走向。以泛豪宅化的热点城市核心区域住宅交易为例,由于交易量相对于存量的比例极小,实际成交价格往往成为所在区域住宅的代表性价格,未来存量住宅挂牌价格,势必会以先前成交价作为重要参考。此前有报道披露,有人在9个月内将房价炒高2-3倍,实际上就是基于这一道理。而之所以会出现逆楼市调控行为,根本原因仍在于巨大的楼市财富增值效应。如果不能采取有效措施,缩小住宅非理性投机炒作的利润空间,那么房地产市场的逆调控行为就不会消减。

由此可见,房地产调控客观上也需要有“点刹”功能,能够及时对局部、个别的房价炒作行为形成强有力约束。在严格执行差别化住房信贷政策同时,有必要对交易双方进行严格的税收稽查、资金来源合法性检查,依据违法违规情节,实施严厉的管制及惩治措施。这或许会更有效地约束投机炒作行为,并对热点城市房地产市场的投机炒作惯性形成巨大震慑,显著减轻当前以住宅需求调节为主要特征的楼市调控压力。同时,还应根据住宅交易价格,实施差别化房地产税率,加强金融、税务部门之间的工作联动,以资金交易合规性和税收行为合法性为两大支撑,努力缩小住宅投机炒作空间,以此推动房地产市场调控长效机制建设。陈涛

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