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票价高、盒饭贵的高铁,为何却长期亏损?

2017-04-25 07:40:34   财经网

也是在这一年,调整版的《中长期铁路网规划》中关于高铁的规划方案,将“四纵四横”的客运专线规划目标从“到2020年建设1.2万公里”增加到了1.6万公里。

此后,随着高铁建设步伐的加快,巨额投资带来的债务也如滚雪球一样不断增大。

与建设成本相比,更重要的是另一方面——运营成本。在高铁顺利建成之后,成本的压力将体现在日常的运营上。

运营成本主要可以分为三大块:一个是直接的变动成本,包括电费、人工费、维修维护以及一般的物资消耗等费用;一个是车辆、线路的折旧费;然后是财务费用,也就是建高铁时的贷款、借债每年要付的利息,仅这一项就是一个巨大的数目。

然而目前我国高铁运营成本较高,一直没有得到很好地控制,甚至造成了“浪费”。

其一,就算是客运淡季大部分列车照样在运行,设备的维护、职工的工资,这些都是一大笔花费。

其二,有关高铁提速的问题也存在争议。

2011年,铁路部门出于“更好地确保安全”考虑而将高铁全面降速,五年之后,随着高铁安全水平不断提高和高铁走出去步伐的加快,铁路部门对这一问题的态度也从“安全论”变成了强调“经济账”。

记者从权威渠道了解到,从现行300公里时速恢复到350公里时速,50公里的时速提升,将使运营成本上涨三分之一左右。

但是很多人对此持有不同观点,认为长期降速反而造成单位运输成本的上升和铁路投入资源以及旅客时间的浪费。

中国中车人士此前表示,设计时速350公里的高铁长期按照300公里运行,京沪等长途高铁线与民航相比竞争优势被削弱很多,高铁未能发挥最大的效益,这也是一种浪费。

今年两会上,不少人大代表政协委员提出相近的观点:目前我国高速铁路网中,高铁和动车设计速度一般为350km/h、250km/h,但

目前的运行速度多为300km/h、200km/h,导致资源浪费。

列车运行速度提高,既可开行更多的临客,解决节假日出行难的问题,满足旅客探亲访友等多样的出行需求。更重要的是能够以旅行时间缩短为基础,适当提高票价,从而改善投资效益。

地域间的差距

高铁盈利与否与其沿线的人口密度息息相关。

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