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WTO还管用吗?首任大使揭密“中国如何跻身核心圈”

2016-12-11 09:59:44   上海观察

孙振宇:它与其他国际组织最大的不同,在于它是有“牙齿”的。

在世贸组织签署的任何一个协议,都不是签完就完了。每个协议都有一个相应的委员会来监督执行,各个委员会要定期召开例会,每个成员都要回应大家的提问。如果问题老不解决,就会启动争端解决机制,裁决之后再不解决,就会经过授权进行贸易报复了。

高渊:也正因为有“牙齿”,所以各国才比较看重它吧?

孙振宇:这么多国家愿意把问题拿到世贸组织来谈,就是因为它认真,而且有“牙齿”。后来不仅谈贸易问题,还把与贸易有关的投资、知识产权拿到世贸组织来谈,甚至还有劳工、环境等问题,就是大家觉得这个平台管用。

高渊:中国当被告的次数多吗?

孙振宇:中国入世到现在,我们告其他成员大概有16起,人家告我们有30多起。每个案子短的要花费两三年,长的要三四年,有些陈述都是上千页纸,我们都得用英文,对我们的专家压力很大,但也很锻炼人。

高渊:我们赢的多还是输的多?

孙振宇:败诉的案子比胜诉的多一些。在败诉以后,中国按裁决修改相关法律法规,这一点我们做得比较好,起码比美国做得好,我们充分尊重世贸组织的争端解决机制。同时,这本身也是在推动我国进一步改革开放。

2011年,孙振宇和世贸组织总干事拉米在对外经贸大学演讲。

入世红利用完了吗:“入世促进了政府职能转变和国企改革等,但现在容易改的基本上都改了。”

高渊:当年刚入世的时候,还有一些争议,不少专家觉得谈判中让得太多了。15年过去了,入世利益是否已经充分体现?

孙振宇:为什么这15年中国有这么大的变化,我觉得入世起了很大的作用。最重要的是,国际上对中国投资贸易环境有了可预见性,这一点比较让人放心。

世贸组织的一个重要原则就是透明度,跟贸易投资相关的法律法规,都要公开,都要向世贸组织通报,甚至在制定过程中,都要征求各方意见,开听证会。

高渊:就是说,入世推进了法制建设?

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