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WTO还管用吗?首任大使揭密“中国如何跻身核心圈”

2016-12-11 09:59:44   上海观察

这些特保条款,到2012年就结束了。

迫在眉睫的15条:“美国和欧盟在炒作这个事,至少他们是不会主动放弃的。”

高渊:过渡审议和特保条款这两大威胁,已经被逐一化解,现在迫在眉睫的是“15条”吧?

孙振宇:这个15条,涉及人们热炒的市场经济地位问题。当年《中国入世议定书》第15条规定,其他世贸组织成员在对中国企业发起反倾销调查时,如果中国企业不能证明其所处产业具备市场经济条件,可以采用替代国价格裁定倾销幅度。

正常的反倾销调查方法是,核算出口国企业的成本和一定利润,判定是否倾销并核定倾销幅度。但对中国,他们可以说你们这个产品不是在市场经济条件下生产的,就要用第三国生产同类产品的成本进行核算。这是很荒谬的。

高渊:市场经济地位问题扯了好多年了,这其实也没严格标准吧?

孙振宇:国际上并没有判定某一个国家是否是市场经济的统一标准。美国和欧盟内部有五六条标准,实际上是冷战时期的产物。

而且,世贸组织也不是一个判定机构。你说俄罗斯是市场经济吗?古巴、越南是不是?没有国际具体标准。许多西方国家,包括美国,都存在政府干预国有企业情况。

高渊:更重要的是,一旦发起反倾销调查,他们拿哪国的标准来衡量?

孙振宇:对啊,如果他们拿印度的成本来衡量,可能跟我们还差不多。但如果拿瑞士的成本来衡量呢,结果肯定说中国产品大大低于成本倾销。但实际上,我们的成本要比瑞士生产的低很多。

高渊:根据入世协议,这个15条应该到今年年底到期,你觉得一些国家会不会赖账?

孙振宇:目前看来,美国和欧盟在炒作这个事,至少他们是不会主动改变现行做法的。等到明年,如果有国家再动用15条,我们就应该通过争端解决机制打几个案子,通过法律程序迫使他们履行承诺。

对15条问题,不必花费太多的政治资源去交涉,通过法律和技术层面来解决更现实一些。

“牙齿”的价值:“入世至今,我们告其他成员大概有16起,人家告我们有30多起。”

高渊:你担任中国驻世贸组织大使长达9年,你觉得这是一个怎样的组织?

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