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WTO还管用吗?首任大使揭密“中国如何跻身核心圈”

2016-12-11 09:59:44   上海观察

棘手的特保威胁:“对一些有意启动特保的成员打招呼,你们不能轻易用特保,不然后果自负。”

高渊:还有什么很棘手的事?

孙振宇:就是当年在谈判中留下的特殊保障条款,也是专门针对中国的歧视性条款。

一般保障条款规定,如果某种进口商品大增冲击一个国家的市场,该国可以采取保障措施,对该产品提高关税或者设定配额,但应该针对来自所有成员的产品。而对中国设置的特殊保障条款,可以只对中国产品单独采取措施,其他国家的同类产品不受影响。

其实,这就是歧视。但入世谈判时需要互相让步,就接受了这个条款,我们的后续工作必须跟上。

高渊:特保条款对中国出口威胁大吗?

孙振宇:针对中国的特保分纺织品和一般商品两类。纺织品的特殊保障条款期限是三年,到2005年结束。而一般商品的特保条款期限是12年,这对中国威胁非常大。

我们进驻世贸组织后,对一些有意启动特保的成员打招呼,你们不能轻易用特保,虽然我们接受了这个条款,但这是歧视性的,任何国家想用都必须后果自负。

高渊:这是先打预防针,把丑话说在前面,有作用吗?

孙振宇:纺织品特保期平稳度过了,三年内没有哪个成员用过。

但一般商品情况不同了,很多国家真的想用,特别是美国、欧盟、印度、哥伦比亚、秘鲁、土耳其等国。

高渊:这时候需要采取什么反制措施?

孙振宇:我们用了个办法叫“四体联动”,一旦有成员要启动特保条款,不仅我们代表团在日内瓦进行交涉,商务部、国内商会协会和驻相关国家使馆也一起上,多渠道做工作。我们要明确跟这些国家讲,启动这个歧视性条款,势必严重影响两国经贸关系。当然也给他们指明出路,可以通过正常的贸易救济途径解决问题。

但美国还是想用。小布什当总统时,美方曾有六次要启动特保条款,我们都提出交涉,有四起在行政层面放弃,另外两起报到小布什那儿被否了,他知道其中的利害关系。

等奥巴马一上台,他启动的第一起特保,就是轮胎特保。我们多次交涉,但他非要用。那没办法,中国也针对美国的一些出口商品采取了报复措施,最后他们赔了夫人又折兵,得不偿失。

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