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人民日报:劳动者工资水平仍偏低 该怎么涨工资?

2016-11-18 11:01:52   人民日报

“目前的劳动力成本占比,未到改革开放以来的最高点。”宋晓梧说。劳动报酬占GNI的比重近几年上升明显,超过50%,乍一看涨得不慢。事实上,这一比重在2000年为53%,1994年为54.6%,并不是一些企业及专家所说的“直线上升”。他分析,涨工资对企业总成本有影响,但程度有限。

那么,企业的劳动力成本还能不能降?又该怎么降?

最近发布的国务院《关于激发重点群体活力带动城乡居民增收的实施意见》提出,“坚持促增收与降成本相结合。有效降低社会保险费率等劳动用工成本和阻碍劳动力流动的制度成本,助力各类市场主体轻装上阵。”苏海南说,“目标和路径已经很明确,给企业的用工成本减负,不能盯着工资,而是应着眼于社保费率与其他制度成本,从而促进企业综合成本的降低。”

鸿富锦精密电子(郑州)有限公司负责人介绍说,“公司社保缴纳费率超过30%,其中养老保险19%、医疗保险8%,还有工伤、生育、失业保险。再加上住房公积金,企业五险一金缴费费率超过35%。公司和个人加在一起,五险一金的缴费费率超过50%。这还是国家下调社保费率后的状况。给员工涨点工资,就要多缴纳一大笔社保费。”

苏海南表示,经济发展的目的是为了不断改善人民生活,这一点不能动摇。给企业减负,不是要降工资或者不涨工资。企业和员工在财富分配上不是绝对对立的,眼下关键是一要努力提高劳动生产率,二要采取措施降低那些附着在工资上的其他用工成本,比如进一步下调社保费率、合理确定社保缴费基数,同时通过减免税费、降低融资物流成本等措施减轻企业负担,让企业在提高劳动生产率基础上有更多空间给劳动者涨工资,形成良性循环、劳资双赢。

涨工资要把握好“度”

要注重使工资增长与经济增长相匹配、与劳动生产率提高相匹配

经济增长放缓,企业面临较大的经营压力。这种情况下,工资该怎么涨?

“经济运行的新特征,给工资调整的‘度’提出了新要求。”苏海南说。工资的变动由市场发挥主要作用,同时政府也应做好调控。

从市场因素看,经济增速虽然放缓,但仍处于中高速增长的区间,“蛋糕”在继续做大,这为今后涨工资奠定了坚实基础。从政府调控看,在“共享发展”的理念引导下,党和国家更加重视改善百姓生活,城乡居民继续增收是大势所趋。但是,这一过程中也要注重使工资增长与经济增长相匹配、与劳动生产率提高相匹配。比如,最低工资标准的调整频率和幅度应更多地考量与经济运行主要指标的衔接匹配关系。事实上,调控政策已经考虑到这些因素。今年前9月最低工资调整范围和调整幅度,较往年同期已有所缩减。各地发布的工资指导线,不论是基准线还是上下线,其增长幅度同比都在缩小。

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