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20省份公布企业工资指导线 为何出现下行趋势?

2016-12-21 10:02:44   

近期,吉林等地陆续公布了2016年企业工资指导线。据《经济日报》记者梳理发现,截至12月7日,已有北京、上海、山东、山西、内蒙古、天津、新疆、四川、云南、陕西、江西、河北、宁夏、广西、甘肃等20个省份公布2016年企业工资指导线。其中各地基准线平均在8%左右,这一水平相比去年有所下降。

我国企业工资指导线由工资增长基准线、工资增长上线和工资增长下线构成,是政府根据当年经济发展水平及调控目标等指标,指导企业工资分配的一种宏观调控形式。工资增长基准线是指企业工资的平均增长幅度,适用于生产正常发展、经济效益增长的企业;工资增长上线可称为预警线,适用于经济效益增长较快的企业;工资增长下线则适用于经济效益下降或亏损的企业。

在已发布企业工资指导线的20个省份当中,海南省的基准线最高,为10.4%;贵州省紧随其后,基准线为10%。相比之下,基准线最低的吉林省为6%,比去年的8%下降2个百分点,是目前唯一基准线低于7%的地区。

盘点各地企业工资指导线的“下线”,记者发现,北京、上海、山西、甘肃、贵州为4%;海南为3.5%;河北、天津、内蒙古、吉林、江西、山东、广西、四川、云南、陕西、青海、新疆为3%。也就是说,经济效益大幅下降或亏损企业,可参照各地制定的下线增长工资。

值得一提的是,在今年的企业工资指导线涨幅多为持平或下降的情况下,北京和贵州的下线有所提高。其中,北京的下线为4%,比2015年上涨了0.5个百分点,是近3年来的首次“逆势上涨”。北京市人社局有关负责人称,因为涉及的一线职工较多,企业应消除不合理的收入分配差距,着力解决普通职工工资水平偏低、工资增长缓慢的问题。

对于经济效益特别不好的企业,一些地区明确工资增长幅度可以低于下线。比如广西要求,经有关法定程序,用人单位和劳动者进行协商后,经济效益下降或亏损企业实际工资可以零增长,但这类企业支付给提供正常劳动的职工工资不得低于当地最低工资标准。

在上线方面,除了江西和宁夏“不设上线”外,剩下的18个省份均呈下降态势,其中,贵州下降0.2%,幅度最小;海南、北京和内蒙古下降1%;天津、上海、甘肃、吉林下降2%;福建、青海下降3%;四川、云南、陕西、广西下降4%;新疆下降4.5%;山东、河北下降5%;山西下降幅度最大为7%。

为何企业工资指导线出现下行趋势?云南省人社厅有关负责人介绍,根据云南省年初确定的GDP增长目标及经济发展现状,适当下调工资增长指导线,与宏观经济形势相协调。内蒙古自治区人社厅负责人表示,内蒙古今年的企业工资指导线,是充分考虑了本地经济增速、物价水平、失业水平等情况后制定的。

从历年数据来看,工资指导线的持平或下降,与当期宏观经济总体走势基本保持一致。专家指出,2014年以来,多地工资指导线连续下调,反映了宏观经济下行压力较大,企业用工成本上升且利润空间缩小的现实情况。但企业工资指导线下降,并非意味着工资进入负增长,只是工资涨势有所减弱。

中国人力资源开发研究会劳动关系学会副会长冯喜良认为,受经济形势影响,各地工资指导线有所下降,但幅度并不大,这反映出当前经济增速放缓、结构调整和动力转换现象。但从总体来说,工资性收入仍处于温和上升状态。

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