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人民日报:劳动者工资水平仍偏低 该怎么涨工资?

2016-11-18 11:01:52   人民日报

人社部劳动工资所的研究报告显示,改革开放以来,我国制造业劳动生产率快速增长,长期显著高于工资增速。考察“十一五”“十二五”期间,我国城镇单位在岗职工(非私营)平均工资年均实际增长约为10.2%,比同期第二、三产业全员劳动生产率年均增速略低。把城镇私营企业职工的工资增长状况考虑进去总体估算,二、三产业职工平均工资增速与同期二、三产业劳动生产率增速基本相当。不过,近三四年来城镇私营小企业的确出现了工资增速高于劳动生产率增速的情形。分析原因,主要是劳动力供求出现变化,促使劳动力价格提高,此外还有“补历史欠账”的因素,毕竟在很长一段时间里工资增速偏缓。

苏海南认为,过去十多年,工资实现了较快增长,说到底是件好事,不能因为企业的成本压力大就简单判断是由于工资涨得“过快”。普通劳动者总体工资福利水平仍然偏低,未来还应逐步提高。当然,近几年部分行业企业工资增速快于劳动生产率增速,对此应注意调整。

降成本不能只盯着工资

着眼于社保费率与其他制度成本,从而促进企业综合成本的降低

工资快速增长,有利于改善民生。但是,企业的呼声同样值得关注。

统计数据显示,劳动报酬占国民总收入GNI的比重从2008年的48.5%上升到2013年的51.1%。2005年至2013年,制造业用工成本占总成本的比重在5.5%—6.8%区间内小幅波动,近两年呈上升之势。企业的感受更直接。杭叉集团股份有限公司算账:2013年,用工成本占企业总成本的5.8%,2014年涨到7.12%,2015年进一步涨到9.17%。许多企业抱怨“再这么一个劲儿地涨工资,企业真的受不了”。

劳动力成本上升明显,该如何看待?

“劳动力成本上升,有合理因素。”中国经济改革研究基金会理事长宋晓梧认为,改革开放初期,我国缺乏资金、技术,优势主要是劳动力价格低。在企业成本构成中,劳动力成本占比不高、增长缓慢。在经济总量中,劳动收入的占比也一直比较低。但是,不能把这种状况看作是正常的并会一直持续。近年来,不论是农村劳动力转移增量还是新增劳动力总量,都在逐年减少。供求关系的变化,必然会推动工资上涨,许多企业已发现“不涨工资,招不来人”。劳动收入偏低,也是造成我国居民消费率长期低迷的重要原因。新常态下转变发展方式,再不能走依赖甚至压低劳动力成本谋求增长的路子。

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