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国家统计局报告:中国劳动生产率仅是美国7.4%

2016-09-18 11:28:16   光明日报

范剑平认为,如果劳动力价格上升得过快,劳动力技术和素质没能相应的提升,对劳动生产率的提升就会有影响。国际金融危机以来,我国城镇职工工资年均上涨13.2%,劳动生产率上升11%,工资上涨高于劳动生产率的上升,会影响整体经济增长的效率。

国家统计局的报告指出,劳动生产率与经济增长高度相关,从世界平均水平来看,劳动生产率增速加快时,经济增速也加快;劳动生产率增速回落时,经济增速亦减缓。

“在经济新常态下,继续依靠要素高强度投入、产能大规模扩张和消费排浪式递进来拉动经济高速增长,已经越来越走不下去了,只有提高要素生产效率,才能有效对冲要素成本上升,提高企业竞争力;也只有提高生产效率,才能从根本上为增加企业利润、居民收入和政府税收创造条件。”国务院发展研究中心副主任王一鸣说。

“必须把过度依赖自然资源的发展方式向更多依靠人力资源转变,注意人力资源的充分开发利用,切实提升劳动生产率,以适应产业结构升级和经济结构调整的需要。”中国社科院工业经济研究所所长黄群慧告诉记者。

我国劳动生产率仍有提升空间

“未来,我国劳动生产率仍有提升空间。可以预期,我国劳动生产率将在未来较长时间内保持较快增长,提升的空间仍然较大。”——国家统计局报告分析指出。

范剑平认为,我国劳动生产率提升的一个重要基础是人才红利。从数据看,目前我国劳动年龄人口平均受教育年限达到10年左右,高于世界平均水平,新增劳动力平均受教育年限达到13年左右,接近中等发达国家平均水平;另一方面,我国的教育模式正逐步完善,正逐步从以获取知识为主,向强调创新思维的素质教育模式转变,这有利于未来我国劳动生产率的持续增长。

“大众创业、万众创新蔚然成风,已经并将继续取得明显成效,这有利于持续提高我国劳动生产率。”黄群慧指出,位于五大新发展理念之首的创新理念,与全要素生产率直接相关,在供给侧结构性改革中重新配置社会资源,化解过剩产能,促进企业效益和资源配置率的提升,是一种重大创新,对于提升生产效率具有重要作用。

“今年,国家进行了很多政策调整,进行创新体制的建立。过去研发投入不能计入GDP,地方政府从钢筋、水泥的大量投入中产生GDP增长,现在研发投入计入GDP核算,这项改革是一个很好的指挥棒;同时,对企业的研发投入抵扣所得税的政策进行优化,使更多的企业研发投入可以享受这个政策,还对前三年的投入进行了追溯抵扣。结构性减税,使有限的减税资源用于企业的研发。”范剑平说。

范剑平强调,目前我国在科技创新方面还面临着很多障碍,知识产权保护不够,“山寨”产品太多,原创的积极性不高。依法治国、知识产权的保护力度要加强。要通过政策调整,杜绝房地产行业暴利的现象,提升实体经济和科技研发的回报率。

责任编辑:陈倩 CN030
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