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发达国家如何破除“邻避效应”(国际视野)

2016-12-21 10:06:16   

2016年11月29日,覆盖乌克兰切尔诺贝利核电站4号反应堆的最新安全保护罩完工。
  人民视觉

2014年3月9日,3500多名法国、德国及瑞士反核民众在法国费森海姆核电站外集会,要求关闭核电站。
  人民视觉

2016年2月19日,美国纽约民众组织游行,抗议位于纽约州哈德逊河畔的内陆核电站。
  人民视觉

2015年11月6日,在上海举办的中国国际工业博览会上,来自德国库卡公司的新一代工业机器人参展亮相,该机器人可辅助化工企业的日常生产和安全监测。
  人民视觉

核电站信息透明

本报驻法国记者李永群

卢瓦尔河谷素有“法兰西后花园”之称,法国贝勒维尔核电站就位于卢瓦尔河畔。若非亲眼所见,记者难以相信眼前的景象:核电站冷却塔与古老的城堡相映成趣,绵延的葡萄园与核电站竟只有一路之隔。

今年2月起,法国核电站方圆10公里范围内的居民可以免费到药店领取政府发放的碘片。一旦发生核事故时,这种碘片可用于保护人体甲状腺免受放射性碘的伤害,起到一定的防护作用。碘片的有效期为7年。这是自1997年以来法国核安全局发起的第五次预防核事故运动,上一次是2009年。至于核电站方圆10公里之外的居民,各省都建有碘片储备。

法国核安全局副局长阿兰·德尔梅斯特表示,今年打算“在辐射保护文化方面取得进展”,尤其在毗邻核电站的区域,人们要了解放射性泄露的正确应对方法。为此,政府有关部门会同“地方信息委员会”等组织了30多场公共信息会议,与公众开展相关交流。目前,法国共有38个隶属核电设施所在省议会的“地方信息委员会”。这些“地方信息委员会”向核电运营商提出的问题必须在8个工作日得到答复,每年组织到电站现场参观,举行至少两次例行会议,让公众向核电运营企业代表就核电站重要信息和运营情况提问。为应对恐怖分子可能袭击核电站的风险,今年8月法国成立了国家核安全特别指挥部,以便协调、改善对核设施与核材料的保护。

“及时发布信息、采取相应行动等可以使周边居民的担忧最小化,比如发放预防用的碘片。事实上,在这种情况下人们相信所采取措施的有效性,感觉自己受到了保护。”斯特拉斯堡大学研究“邻避效应”的专家帕特里克·龙达在其分析报告中强调,“邻避效应”容易让人联想到地方利益过度保护。

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