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中国就业新变局:发达地区毕业生就业比例下降

2016-07-19 08:47:44   环球网

中国就业版图新变局:经济发达地区毕业生就业比例下降

人力资源和社会保障部国际劳动保障研究所近期一项研究显示,2011-2015年,毕业生在经济发达地区就业比例在下降,中西部欠发达地区的就业比例明显上升。这意味随着中国经济的产业梯度向内地转移,就业人口格局正在发生区域性变化。

今年以来,中国经济去产能逐步进入实质化操作阶段,煤炭、钢铁领域用工需求减少幅度较大。据人社部估算,这两个行业化解产能过剩涉及约180万名职工。转型中,希望与困难并存:一方面,能源重化工企业等传统行业很难再保持高速增长、维持大规模用工需求;另一方面,随着新经济快速发展,对就业的吸纳能力大幅增长。

不久前人社部公布一批技工院校新增专业和专业方向。在36个新增专业中,以工业机器人、3D打印技术等为代表的二产专业依然占比很高,达到六成。同时,旅游服务与管理、酒店管理、网络营销等三产专业呈快速发展新势头。

分析人士认为,这一趋势的实质是就业从“劳力”向“智力”的转变。过去30多年,中国发展很大程度靠“人口红利”,如今要从依靠自然资源转向更多依靠人才资源。

此外,人社部相关数据显示,从2008-2013年,全国公务员总数每年都有一定的增长,而到了2014年和2015年则开始少量减少。而过去几年,通过推进简政放权、商事制度改革,全国每天新增1万多家企业、4万多个市场主体,创造了大量就业岗位。如今,“就业”和“创业”结合得更加紧密,“双创”新引擎正在为稳定和扩大就业带来新机遇。

(据新华社等文章综合整理分析)

楼市调控主基调仍是去库存

国家发改委新闻发言人赵辰昕日前表示,总体上看,当前房地产市场调控的主基调仍然是去库存。对一线及部分二线城市,要密切关注其库存下降情况,加大住房供应,合理引导住房消费,防止房价持续过快上涨。

赵辰昕介绍,支持合理住房消费,出台了差别化的信贷、税收优惠政策,进一步引导住房需求合理释放,促进商品房库存的有效化解。比如,不限购城市首套房贷的最低首付款比例可下调至20%,二套房贷的最低首付款比例调整为不低于30%。降低了购买首套房的契税,对北上广深外的地区,降低了第二套改善性住房的契税等。

下半年,针对市场分化的情况,应更加注重分类施策、因城施策,促进市场平稳发展。对一线及部分二线城市,要密切关注其库存下降情况,加大住房供应,合理引导住房消费,防止房价持续过快上涨;对三四线等商品房库存较大的城市,要根据当地市场情况,积极采取有效措施,化解房地产库存。同时,应以满足居民合理住房需求为目标,以解决城镇新居民住房需求为主要出发点,构建以政府为主提供基本保障、以市场为主满足多层次需求的住房供应体系,以建立购租并举的住房制度为主要方向,深化住房制度改革。

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