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山西煤炭陷困局:有市政府贷款发公务员工资

2016-02-14 16:09:28   中国企业家杂志

1997年,亚洲金融风暴爆发。在此背景下,山西省曾在1998年整顿过一次煤炭产业,取缔私开煤矿1453座;次年,再度关闭1565座布局不合理的煤矿,缩减生产能力4399万吨。但这次整顿并不彻底,无证开采的煤矿依然大量存在。

即便生产风险大,工作环境恶劣,但同时期产业背景下,煤矿工人的工资仍比其它职业高出不少,这吸引了来自全国各地的务工人员蜂拥而至。颇具戏剧命运的是,在此后的十余年时间里,早年奔涌至此的底层矿工们中,不乏少数历经九死一生的起伏,最终告别了阴冷潮湿的矿井,摇身一变成为了富甲一方的煤炭大亨。陈宜先便是其中之一。

亚洲金融风暴后,国内煤炭市场需求下降。像郑爽这样刚刚投入重金承包煤矿的煤老板却在煤矿刚要产煤时遭遇煤价大跌,损失惨重。1998-2000年间,煤炭产业的投资也大幅下降,来自中国煤炭协会的统计数据显示,两年间年均下降了19.3%。

“煤炭市场是从2001年起步,2001年前所有煤矿是负债的,煤矿都是承包而来,大多不挣钱。”郑爽说。

一位熟悉山西煤炭圈的人士称,对于山西煤老板而言,2003年是一个坎,在这之前行情很差,煤矿出售几乎无人问津。

群体觉醒

煤炭产业从2002年开启了高速增长。来自第三方研究机构的一份数据显示,2002-2005年,煤炭产业的投资年均增长达到50.6%。2006年增幅虽然下降,仍达到27.1%。

从2003年开始,乔振杰的乌兰色太煤矿经营有了起色,从此之后再也没有赔过钱。这一时期,不断有人加入到乔振杰的煤矿上来,最多时,乌兰色太煤矿的股东数多达10个。

“但2005年的时候有6个退出了。他们是看到当初的投入已经翻了十倍,希望能够退出套现。”乔振杰说。

不过,伴随着煤炭行业高速增长的是全国矿难事故迭起。2002年,山西发生煤矿事故184起,501人死亡;次年,发生煤矿事故159起,死亡496人。

另一组数据显示,2004年中国产煤16.6亿吨,占全球的33.2%,但是全国矿难死亡人数高达6027人,占全世界矿难死亡总人数的80%。

对于山西煤老板而言,2003年是一个坎,在这之前行情很差,煤矿出售几乎无人问津。

2004年1月12日,张宝顺出任山西省代省长。但他上任不到1个月,便遇矿难事件。当年2月5日,临汾市汾西县和晋中市灵石县交界的两个村,私开矿井相互打通后,为争夺煤炭资源相互扔炸药,造成29人死亡。

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