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山西煤炭陷困局:有市政府贷款发公务员工资

2016-02-14 16:09:28   中国企业家杂志

原标题:最后的煤老板

煤老板年关难过。这是中国经济最独特的一个群体,也是黑金链条上最重要的一环,他们在产业寒冬中的命运,成为一个时代的注脚。

2016年1月,中国30年来最寒冷的冬天。

《中国企业家》记者兵分两路,深入山西、陕西多个市县,近距离采访了一群民营煤矿经营者,这个群体在产业低迷期的命运,是一个时代的注脚。

过去十年,以山西、陕西、内蒙古等省份为代表的中国煤炭产业经历了数次大规模的资源重组,整合大潮随后席卷全国。一大批小煤矿被关闭或被并入国有煤企,大批煤老板在这个黑金江湖被淘汰出局。

由政府主导的煤炭资源整合的一个结果是,大大提高了进入煤炭行业的门槛——最低规模从十年前的年产几万吨被提高到了年产百万吨。

这对于那些新进入者和依然想在这个市场上捞金的煤老板而言,要想得到更多,就得投入更多。于是,民间集资、民间借贷以及高利贷兴起,大笔资金涌入山西、陕西及内蒙的私营煤矿。

中国煤炭协会公布的数据显示,截至2015年11月,全国90家大型煤企的利润减少了500亿元,同比下降91%,整体行业的亏损面已经达到了95%。

全国煤炭企业经营困难时,国家发改委也再一次释放信号,将继续推进行业兼并重组,鼓励大型煤炭企业对中小型煤炭企业进行整合。

数据显示,截至目前,我国年产30万吨以下的小煤矿还有7000多处,总产能5.7亿吨;年产9万吨以下的有5000多处,产能3.1亿吨。这其中绝大多数为民营煤矿,而行业再次推行兼并重组也意味着,这批历经数次整合坚守至今的“煤老板”在产业寒冬中正在走向末路。

临近年关,身在太原的郑龙乡有家难回。

郑龙乡是福建省福清人,9年前随丈夫黄亦弟来到山西招标高速公路工程。招标失败后,夫妇二人杀入当时一片红火的煤炭行业,却未料从此再难抽身。

如今,郑龙乡夫妇及其他几个合作伙伴因投资煤炭生意失败早已债台高筑,至今仍欠着老家人两亿多元的高利贷。郑龙乡丈夫黄亦弟去年9月也因“非法开采”被昔阳县公安局逮捕,至今仍被囚于铁窗之内。

在整个山西,像郑龙乡这样债务缠身,春节有家难回的“煤老板”不在少数。数年前,他们在煤炭行情好的时候大举借债,不惜民间集资和借高利贷买矿挖煤,寄望借此实现财富暴涨。

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