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医保基金缺口或将提前 过度医疗引发最大缺口

2016-01-22 09:20:53   第一财经日报

那么,不合理的医疗费用又会发生在哪里呢?

过度医疗引发最大缺口

《第一财经日报》记者在湖南省岳阳市调查时发现,人口老龄化已经成为医保筹资增幅难以满足医疗费用快速增长需求的重要原因。

人社部发布的《中国社会保险发展年度报告2014》显示,城镇职工基本医疗保险制度的职工退休比为2.90,比上年下降0.05个百分点,比2009年下降0.07个百分点。全国有24个省份职工退休比均低于全国水平。

职工退休比是指在职职工人数与退休人数的比例。根据现有的医保政策,退休人员不缴费,而退休人员的人均医疗消费大大高于在职职工,职工退休比下降则意味着基金收入减少、支出增加。

岳阳市市本级的职工退休比为1.73,该数字远低于全国的平均水平,医保基金的支付压力越来越大。

岳阳市社保局的数据显示,2015年1到8月份,退休人员住院为2.26万次,占住院总人数的61.9%,占基金支付总额的69.6%。

该市人社局一位官员表示,老龄化和医疗费用上涨是两个重要原因。岳阳市的住院率高达24%,大型检查设备、新型医用耗材大量投入使用,推高了医疗住院费用。个别定点医院采取挂床等不法手段骗取医保基金。

去年11月,卫计委、发改委、财政部,人社部、中医药局五部委联合发布《关于控制公立医院医疗费用不合理增长的若干意见》(下称《意见》)。该《意见》称,当前医疗费用不合理增长突出表现在部分城市公立医院医疗费用总量增幅较快,药品收入占比较大,大型医用设备检查治疗和医用耗材的收入占比增加较快,不合理就医等导致的医疗服务总量增加较快等。

另一方面,人社部医保司司长陈金甫上个月在清华大学的一次发言中表示,医保费用增长的趋势,很难在短时期内改变。由此判断3到5年乃至10年的时间范围内,中国的医疗保险支出将进入一个风险期。

公开资料显示,2013年全国已有225个统筹地区的职工医保资金出现收不抵支,占全国统筹地区的32%,其中22个统筹地区将历年累计结余全部花完;在居民医保方面,全国有108个统筹地区出现收不抵支。

卫计委的年度统计公布显示,2014年全国卫生总费用预计达35378.9亿元,其中:政府卫生支出10590.7亿元(占29.9%),社会卫生支出13042.9亿元(占36.9%),个人卫生支出11745.3亿元(占33.2%)。人均卫生总费用2586.5元,卫生总费用占GDP5.56%。

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