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体检入医保,制度设计当审慎(人民时评)

2016-12-23 17:31:09   

随着生活水平的提高和健康观念的觉醒,近年来人们对健康服务的需求越来越高。日前,有专家呼吁将体检纳入医保,引发各界热议,支持者占到大多数。

这个初衷非常好,也符合公众的期待。理论上讲,健康体检就像汽车保养,有利于及时发现疾病隐患,以最少的成本保障全生命周期健康。一些专门的筛查项目还能早期发现、早期诊断大病,提升治疗效果。国外有研究表明,在预防上投入1元钱,能节省医疗花费8元钱。

然而,从医保本身的定位看,其主要作用是保基本,即补偿居民基本医疗、基本药物的支出,保障每一位居民有医可用、有药可吃。而体检针对的是健康人群,目前尚不属于基本医疗服务范围。从保障水平看,我国基本医保体系由城镇职工医保、城镇居民医保、新农合、医疗救助等制度构成,其特点是广覆盖、低水平。想进一步提升保障水平,就必须考虑承受能力。在经济下行压力加大的情况下,医保有没有能力埋单?业内看法并不一致。

近几年来,新农合、城镇居民医保由于筹资水平不高,加上大病保险、重特大疾病救助、门诊大病统筹等险种与项目纷纷纳入报销范围,看病费用不断上涨,基金支付压力持续加大。不少新农合统筹地区年末结余普遍只有百分之几,有些地区面临累积结余快花光的境地。这种情况下,将健康体检纳入新农合、居民医保,无疑将加大基金运行压力。而且,很多农村地区已将体检纳入基本公共卫生服务,无需重复添加。

现实有点骨感,体检直接纳入新农合、居民医保,未必是审慎且合适的选择。但人民群众对美好生活的向往,正是我们改革的方向。从这个意义上讲,应结合国际通行做法和地方经验,设计一个既可满足公众需求、又能减轻医保压力的机制,把健康体检的作用更好发挥出来。

从当前情况看,可以从个人账户结余想办法。人社部2015年统计公报显示,城镇职工医保统筹基金结存6000多亿元,个人账户积累4429亿元,有大量资金沉淀。事实上,很多地方也已探索将个人账户结余用于购买体检服务。但由于3种基本医保饥饱不均,可能会造成一个家庭内参加居民医保、新农合的成员钱不够用,而参加职工医保的成员钱花不出去的怪现象,这种情况亟待改变。因此,不妨将个人账户改造成家庭健康账户,专门用于补偿家庭成员购买健康体检、疫苗、健身等的支出,全家共济使用,量入为出。如此既不违背基本医保的定位,又能盘活巨额个人账户结余资金。

健康管理不仅要解决好谁来埋单的问题,更要处理好谁来监管的问题。我国健康体检业刚刚起步,缺少服务标准和规范,一些商业体检机构往往只检查不诊断,或是诱导客户多检查,所谓的健康管理只是噱头,针对性不强,实用性不足,如果医保购买此类健康体检服务,很可能浪费医保基金。我们可以借鉴国际经验,建立保险机制来对健康体检服务进行准入、运行、退出的全程监管,防止“花了钱买不来健康”。

习近平总书记在全国卫生与健康大会上强调,要把人民健康放在优先发展的战略地位,努力全方位、全周期保障人民健康。设立家庭健康账户,购买健康服务,符合健康新理念,也是人民群众的现实需要。在此基础上,逐步转向以预防为主的健康管理,才能更好地建设健康中国。

  《 人民日报 》( 2016年12月23日 05 版) (责编:杨曦、夏晓伦)

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