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居民医保个人缴费比重将提高 年底前出具体方案

2016-01-13 08:11:40   京华时报

目前,我国全民医保体系基本形成,覆盖人口超过13亿,但仍分为城镇职工基本医疗保险、城镇居民基本医疗保险、新农合、医疗救助四项基本医保制度。

顾雪非说,医保制度不统一带来的问题主要在于“三个重复”:同一区域内,居民重复参保、财政重复补贴、经办机构和信息系统重复建设。顾雪非认为,实现城乡居民公平享有基本医疗保险权益、促进社会公平正义,整合城乡居民基本医保只是一方面,还需发挥大病保险、城乡医疗救助、疾病应急救助等多项制度的合力,切实提高保障水平,进一步降低居民就医负担。

顾雪非介绍,通过统一定点管理、整合医保基金、整合经办资源、提高统筹层次等措施,参保居民还可以享受到城乡一体化的经办服务。同时,制度整合后,实行一体化的经办服务管理,消除了城乡制度分设、管理分割、资源分散等障碍,城乡居民医保关系转移接续更加方便。

2为何要提高缴费比重?地方财政支出压力较大

对外经贸大学保险经济学院副院长、中国社保学会理事孙洁教授认为,国务院出台的该意见主要意图应该是解决当前一些地区相关保险收不抵支和财政支出压力较大的问题。

这次的意见明确提出,在提高政府补助标准的同时,适当提高个人缴费比重。孙洁介绍,此前国内曾有报告显示,目前相关医保收不抵支的地区已经超百个,因此在提高财政补助的同时,强化个人缴费责任,也就是提高个人缴费比重也就势在必行了。

得益于提高政府补助和个人缴费比重,这次的意见也明确了逐步提高门诊保障水平的要求。对此孙洁认为很有必要,因为目前普遍来看,不少地方居民医保的报销水平都要低于职工医保的水平。而且在此基础上,职工医保还具有职工互助医疗保险这一兜底机制。

孙洁分析,从理论上说要提高门诊保障水平,主管部门应在降低起付线这一普惠措施的基础上,再针对少数大病人员提高报销的封顶上限。不过她预计,受制于财力所限,恐怕很多地区可能只会在上述两个方向上择一加以实施。

3整合后将由谁来主管?管理方式各地因地制宜

孙洁预测,在主管单位问题上,最终很可能以地方拥有自主裁量权,自定城乡居民基本医疗保险主管部门的方式来解决。2013年国务院在公布机构改革和职能转变方案时,就曾提出“整合城镇居民基本医疗保险、新型农村合作医疗的职责”。然而在这次公布的意见中,仍没有就整合城乡居民医保后的主管单位给予明确规定。

同时,意见提出各省(区、市)要于2016年6月底前对整合作出规划,各统筹地区要于2016年12月底前出台具体实施方案的明确要求之余,孙洁认为,这释放出的信号就是中央已经就这一整合默许给予了地方自主裁量权,允许地方因地制宜选择最适合自己的管理方式。因为普遍来讲,由原卫生部门推出的新农合制度出台更早,而且管理也做得不错,但同时人社部门又是我国主要五大社会保险的主管部门。

就如同目前社保费有些地区是由人社部门负责征缴,也有些地区是由税务部门征缴一样,今后各地整合城乡居民医保后的主管单位,可能有些地方由卫计部门主管,有些地方由人社部门主管,甚至还可能有些地区继续由两部门共同管理。

孙洁分析,在这次的意见已经就整合后管理范围、体制机制乃至服务方式等多方面做出较为完善的顶层设计后,无论地方由哪个部门进行管理,预计都不会影响政策的落地实施。

责任编辑:张晓伟 CN042
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