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教育规划纲要实施5周年 职业教育打破天花板效应

2015-12-31 09:10:44   中国新闻网

国家教育咨询委员会委员周稽裘也曾是纲要的老朋友。纲要制定过程中,在500多位专家学者直接参加、近2000人参与的11个重大战略专题组的庞大队伍中,周稽裘是职业教育战略专题组的负责人之一。

“主持起草工作的时任教育部副部长袁贵仁同志,主持召开了好几次专题组联席会议,进行规划纲要结构和内容的研讨。2009年夏天,他还专门拿出一周时间,对收集整理上来的意见建议一条一条地磨,并特邀了4位来自基层的同志全程参加讨论,每一专题还邀请不同的专家分别讨论。”周稽裘说。

2010年7月8日,教育规划纲要正式印发。纲要描绘了未来10年我国教育改革发展的宏伟蓝图,教育改革发展的战略目标、工作方针、总体任务、改革思路逐一明晰。

此前的2009年,教育规划纲要面向全社会公开征求意见。各界人士通过各种渠道发表意见建议210多万条,发来信件1.4万多封。工作小组办公室及时汇总整理意见建议,累计编发近300万字每日情况报告。

针对社会关注度高、影响教育改革发展全局的4个方面20个重大问题,教育规划纲要又开始第二轮征求意见,有了更广泛的民意基础。

张力至今对当初意见最集中的20个重大问题如数家珍,从深化素质教育到解决学前教育入园难、入园贵,从义务教育均衡发展到拔尖创新人才培养,等等。“如今看来,有些是扎扎实实按照纲要要求来落实的,有些甚至是超纲要要求在往前大力推进。”张力把教育规划纲要的半程成绩单,归功于国家425个重大改革试点强力实施,考试招生制度改革上升到中央统筹层面,以大学章程为标志的现代学校制度建设以及办学体制改革取得新突破。

“职业教育发展有自身的特点,评价职业教育应该从全国经济社会发展全局来看。”同为此次第三方中期评估点评专家的经历,让周稽裘有机会从一个相对超脱的视野审视职教这5年。接到记者的采访邀约时,他认真思考后,给出了两个方向的回答。

从职业教育内部来看,在构建现代职业教育体系这一主攻方向上,这5年的进展可圈可点。职业教育实现了突破,打破了天花板效应,改变了职业教育“断头路”的状况;通过继续教育、终身教育,探索学校教育与社会培训并举、全日制与非全日制并重格局,构建人才成长立交桥;通过技能大赛制度,打通我国大国工匠精英后备人才早期发现、早期培养和成长的渠道。

从职业教育的外部来看,这5年职业教育发展厚植了小康社会国计民生的基础。2014年,职业教育携手普通教育一起实现了高中阶段教育86.5%的毛入学率、高等教育37.5%的毛入学率,每年有1000万名身怀职业技能的中高职毕业生进入新增劳动力队伍,使我国人力资本积累和开发水平跨上了一个新台阶。

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