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困扰中国多年仅次核武的第二大敏感技术,有盼头了!

2017-09-27 09:14:26   瞭望

在航空领域的投入总体上来看缺口较大,只能用有限的资源解决最急迫的问题,缺乏战略规划布局。

因此,在很长一段时间内,我国航空发动机都是“应急之作”,长期处于测绘仿制和改进改型阶段。

第二,受研发生产的机制限制。

发达国家的普遍做法是:根据未来航空动力的需求,预研相应的航空发动机。他们设计飞机时,通常是以已有的航空发动机作为动力依据。

而我国在飞机研制过程中,因没有现成的航空发动机与之匹配,所以,一般都是新飞机和航空发动机同时立项。

航空发动机技术极为复杂,研制周期往往长于飞机。

这样一来,我们的飞机设计完成了,却没有相应的发动机。

为了保证飞机的研制进度,通常采取引进国外同类发动机以解燃眉之急。

当新机有了替代品之后,原立项的发动机便终止研制或下马,形成了“立项-下马-再立项-再下马”的“怪圈”。

第三,缺乏技术储备。

航空发动机是一个国家综合国力、工业基础和技术水平的集中体现。

建国初期,我们的工业基础可谓“一穷二白”,更谈不上任何技术储备。

我国在航空工业起步阶段,走的测绘仿制道路,“照葫芦画瓢”,许多关键问题只“知其然不知其所以然”。

在具体研制过程中,“头痛医头,脚痛医脚”,未能形成系统研究机制。

第四,未能集中力量在关键问题上实现突破。

上世纪七八十年代,为了解决长期困扰的飞机动力问题,我国曾先后投入仿制和研制涡喷-15、涡扇-6、涡扇-8、等多型号航空发动机。

应该说,在当时,无论是投资还是立项,我们都是尽了最大努力的。

为什么这些项目都没有搞成呢?就是因为当时虽然整体投入相当可观,但多项目同时开展,不仅造成研制资源分散,而且也严重影响了整个发动机研制的进程。

在很长一段时间离,我们都没有能够把有限的资源形成合力去解决关键问题。

5

彻底治愈“心脏病”!

建国以来,我国与西方发达国家的各项合作早已证明:世界先进技术、特别是核心技术是买不来的。

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