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俄媒称欧洲人曾从中国窃取技术:偷学丝绸织造与制陶

2017-09-21 13:17:45   新华网

俄媒称,俄罗斯《生意人报》以《欧洲人如何在中国盗取工艺》的文章列举了一些颇有意思的事实。原来,“工业间谍”古已有之。

俄罗斯卫星网9月20日引述俄罗斯《生意人报》的报道称,第一次有文件记载的事实发生在6世纪。当时,拜占庭皇帝查士丁尼一世派遣传教者到中国了解在欧洲极负盛名的丝绸制造技术。这些传教士顺利地完成了任务。他们将蝉种、桑木种子和丝绸生产工艺带回国。传教士将制作工艺牢牢记在大脑中,而禅种和树种则藏在竹棍的空桶中。此项知识产权被盗不仅重创了中国经济,同时也对中转运送中国丝绸的伊朗经济形成严重打击。

报道称,中世纪时,时尚发生了变化,瓷器成为新宠。当第一批欧洲人将中国瓷器运回欧洲后,整个欧洲陷入陶瓷热之中。由此,34岁的传教士弗朗索瓦受托前往中国窃取“白金”的制造技术。1698年,他怀揣这样的使命来到了中国。这位法国人中文流利,而且成功地解除了中国对他的警惕。很快,他获得了前往瓷器之乡景德镇的许可。这位间谍逐渐了解到瓷器的制作工艺细节,并不间断地向国内传回介绍此内容的信函:瓷器制作材料、配比、黏土的揉法和卷法以及如何在炉中烧制。

同时,这位法国人还窃取了其他一些相关的技术。比如,如何将燃烧的蜡烛放在陶瓷猫的头上,并使猫的眼睛发亮,鲜活如生,吓退老鼠。18世纪中期,弗朗索瓦的技术落入英国工业家佐扎尤·乌艾德乌达的手中。他成功将此项技术用到自己的生产当中。欧洲开始陶瓷生产后,中国出口瓷器的数量开始走下坡路。到了乾隆皇帝统治末期,这一势头越发明显。

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