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英国首次利用基因技术编辑人类胚胎

2017-09-21 19:42:04   新华网

新华社伦敦9月20日电(记者张家伟)英国弗朗西斯·克里克研究所20日宣布通过基因编辑技术展示了人类胚胎早期发育阶段一种关键基因的作用机制,这有助科学家破解胚胎发育的一些未解之谜,从而改进体外受精等生殖辅助技术。

这是英国首次实施人类胚胎基因编辑。由于牵扯道德伦理问题,人类胚胎研究一直存在争议,此前只有中美两国实施过人类胚胎基因编辑。据弗朗西斯·克里克研究所介绍,这些胚胎由曾接受体外受精手术的夫妇捐出,且整个实验都受到英国相关机构的严格监管。

胚胎发育通常指胚胎从受精卵到胚胎脱离卵膜的过程。人类胚胎发育过程中,受精卵进行被称为卵裂的快速有丝分裂,最后各种细胞分化成不同的组织、系统与器官,从而形成完整个体。

由弗朗西斯·克里克研究所领衔的国际团队借助CRISPR/Cas9基因编辑技术阻止了人类胚胎中一个关键基因产生一种名为OCT4的蛋白质,以观察这会给胚胎发育带来什么影响。这种蛋白质在人类胚胎发育的最开始数天里会变得非常活跃。

通常来说,当卵子受精后会持续分裂,直到数天后才形成胚泡。据团队20日发表在《自然》杂志的报告介绍,他们发现人类胚胎发育过程中,需要OCT4发挥作用才能“正常地”形成胚泡,这凸显了相关基因在发育过程中的重要性。

报告主要作者、该研究所学者凯茜·尼亚肯说,为了确认一个基因在胚胎发育过程中的功能,最好的办法就是看看它无法发挥作用时会出现什么状况,采用基因编辑技术就是为了能高效实现这一目的。这也是英国监管机构允许对人类胚胎实施基因编辑技术的原因。

尼亚肯说,如果能明确哪个关键基因会影响胚胎发育,“我们就能改善体外受精技术成功率并更深入了解一些导致妊娠失败的原因”。

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