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困扰中国多年仅次核武的第二大敏感技术,有盼头了!

2017-09-27 09:14:26   瞭望

这么小尺寸的风扇和涡轮,要时刻承受着12.5吨的力。

这强度相当于一个人用喉咙顶着钢枪推动汽车。

只是,人推汽车是慢慢挪动,而涡扇发动机要推动飞机以2倍音速飞行,各部件要承受住异常严酷的高温高压考验。

正因如此,航空发动机的研发向来只能是大国游戏——环顾当今世界,能自行制造第三代战斗机的国家和地区有12个,能自行制造核武器的国家有9个,而能自行制造高品质航空发动机的国家,只有5个。

我国装备的苏-27战机

2

从“拿来主义”到自食其力

在航空发动机研发领域,即便是美英俄这样的“第一梯队”国家,也曾走过超出常人想象的艰难道路。

众所周知,美国在该领域技术最为先进。但是,最初,它也是一个“蹒跚学步的婴孩”。

照搬英德

二战前,在喷气推进研究方面,德国和英国最厉害!

尤其值得一提的是,当时,德国对轴流式喷气发动机的研制取得了突破性进展,在二战中就进入了实用阶段。

美国很着急。怎么办?“拿来主义”!

参战后,凭借同盟关系,美国政府从英国直接拿到了惠特尔离心式喷气发动机的相关技术。

凭借这种新的动力系统,贝尔公司开发出美国第一款喷气式飞机——P-59战斗机。

美国第一款喷气式飞机P-59战斗机

二战后,在检查德国航空研发机构时,其先进的喷气技术令美国人感到震惊。

为此,美国在获取了大量的研发人才的基础上,以政府为主导,集中各界力量、整合各种资源,搞起了喷气式军用飞机。

在此过程中,军方始终积极介入和支持新发动机的研发。

自主突破

美国在“拿来”的过程中逐步认识到航空发动机的重要性,开始力求摆脱“仿制+改良”的模式,致力于自主技术研发。

在二战期间,美国的普·惠公司,几乎没有独立研发喷气发动机的经验。

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