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面对中国高铁的告诉发展,阴谋论者到底在想些什么?

2017-08-28 13:57:17   瞭望智库

2016年10月5日,在“一带一路”倡议提出三周年到来之际,由中国铁建(601186,股吧)、中国中铁(601390,股吧)承建的连接埃塞俄比亚和吉布提两国首都的“亚(的斯亚贝巴)—吉(布提)”铁路正式建成通车。这是继坦赞铁路之后,中国在非洲修建的又一条跨国铁路,被誉为“新时期的坦赞铁路”,这也是中国首次在海外采用全套中国标准建造的第一条现代化的跨国电气化铁路。不久前,中国铁建又签下赞比亚奇帕塔经佩塔乌凯至塞伦杰铁路设计施工合同,中国铁路在非洲可谓风生水起。

对中国铁路在非洲市场取得的成绩,有西方媒体竟称“中国在非洲的所作所为,与英国140多年前的做法别无二致”。值得国人关注的是,这种“新殖民主义”的无端指责,也得到了非洲一些非政府组织的支持。国际舆论特别是西方舆论充斥的诋毁和妖魔化中国的言论促使我们反思,推动中国高铁“走出去”的心态是否过急,用力是否过猛。需知,从我们认知意义上的“广而告知”,到所在国的“内心认同”和国际社会的普遍认同,仍然还有很大一段距离。

中国高铁“走出去”靠的是过硬的技术水准、丰富的运营管理经验与公平的市场竞争,而不是过于依赖政治推动。过于依赖政治或政府推动的项目,可能引起一些国家的战略猜忌,甚至还给阴谋论者提供想象空间。实践中,着力争取目标国在技术上的认同自不待言,更要注意的是,应着力实实在在地帮助目标国解决交通基础设施落后严重掣肘经济社会发展的现实问题,以此赢得目标国人民的价值认同。价值认同远比技术认同重要得多。事实上,对于目标国人民来说,或许技术问题本身并不是问题,真正的问题是有没有把中国划进“朋友圈”?

微信上有过一个很火的帖子,讲述了房小琪一行18辆车自驾巴基斯坦的经历。巴基斯坦政府出动军车、骑警护卫车队安全,民众用花瓣和他们可能从来没喝过的可乐七喜迎接车队,孩子裹着中国国旗在父亲的臂弯中熟睡,等待中国车队的到来。如此礼遇,只因“我们是中国人”。

近几年来,中巴铁路、高速公路建设的顺利推进,无疑首先是基于中巴两国人民的传统友谊,而非中国技术如何之高、中国质量如何之好、中国建造性价比如何之优。对于中国高铁“走出去”而言,“朋友圈”有多大,“高铁线”就有多远,做大朋友圈才能修远高铁线。

5,潮流张力:全球化与逆(去)全球化

从过去五千年的人类文明发展来看,人类的未来必然是全球化。1944年“布雷顿森林协议”、1947年“关税与贸易总协定”、1994年“世界贸易组织”,打破了国与国之间的贸易壁垒和经济边界。能源、电信、交通工具的科技与产业革命以及电子信息与网络革命,也为经济全球化发展提供了技术支撑和现实可能。

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