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面对中国高铁的告诉发展,阴谋论者到底在想些什么?

2017-08-28 13:57:17   瞭望智库

在推动中国高铁“走出去”的大战略背景下,高铁在提升沿线国家各个族群交往、交流与交融水平的同时,防止族群间的“文明冲突”,寻求与沿线国家的“文明共生”,将是事关“一带一路”能否成功的关键。

纵观历史上丝绸之路的发展轨迹,在其千年的演变之间,由于各民族之间经贸往来频繁,同时伴随着文化交流所带来的相互理解,各民族之间非但没有爆发较大规模的冲突,反而呈现出融和共荣的趋势。古代丝绸之路在经贸合作、文化交流、民族稳定三个方面发挥了积极作用,丝绸之路不仅仅是一条经贸畅达之路,更是一条文化亲善与交流之路,一条文明互鉴与融合之路。

在当前情形下,如何激活沿线国家丝绸之路的集体记忆,继承和弘扬“和平合作、开放包容、互学互鉴、互利共赢”的古丝绸之路精神,需要创新思维来营造不同文化“共生”的环境。对于中亚、西亚、非洲等发展中国家,中国必须警惕自身居高临下的优越感或是实力炫耀。要主动将多种文化进行大融通,推动文化共生,打造政治互信、经济融合、文化包容、文明互鉴的利益、命运和责任共同体,推动实现中国与高铁沿线国家走向共同繁荣。

4,心理张力:认知与认同

中国高铁运营里程已超过22000公里,然而,对中国高铁体量的认知并没有带来与之相称的国际认同。近年来关于中国高铁“出海”的舆论环境并不好,“抄袭论”“赔本赚吆喝”“新殖民主义”等论调不绝于耳,少数居心叵测者更是不遗余力地把“一带一路”政策解释为国家的不断对外扩张、塑造庞然大物般的“中华帝国”形象。实际上意在制造各种“中国威胁论”,并在此基础上炮制中国“国际责任论”。

甚嚣尘上的“中国高铁抄袭论”认为,中国高铁是国外高铁的“山寨版”。其依据是中国高铁发展之初,分别从四家国外公司引进了CRH1 (庞巴迪Regina C2008)、CRH2 (川崎重工新干线E2-1000)、CRH3 (西门子ICE3 Velaro )以及CRH5 (阿尔斯通Pendolino),后来的产品都是在此基础上研发出来的。

从知识产权角度来讲,这个问题的核心是正向设计与逆向设计的关系问题。在发展之初,采用引进的技术路线,以此站在巨人的肩膀上高起点起步,不失一种明智的选择,此即所谓的逆向设计。只要是买下了别人的技术,并依据合同支付了约定费用,逆向设计并无不妥。

实际上,2009年3月原铁道部在京沪高铁采购中,与原中国南车、中国北车签署了392亿元的采购订单,该订单的标的是由原中国南、北车在引进消化吸收基础上自主研发的CRH380A。尽管采购合同是铁道部和中国南车、中国北车签署,但是南车和北车依据先前合同向国外的合作伙伴支付了相应费用,西门子由此分得7.5亿欧元。为什么事实如此清晰、操作亦合情合理的事,仍然被指责、被炒作、被诬陷?显然,这涉及认同问题。

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