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金融监管又开一枪,瞄准资本大鳄的命门

2017-08-11 16:16:30   侠客岛

一直到2016年年底,保监会才踩下急刹车,将万能险打入冷宫。由此,各公司的保费收入断崖式下跌,新批保险牌照寥若晨星,资产驱动负债型模式终于终结。随后项俊波的落马,更加意味着保险业的野蛮生长期已经过去。

动向

其实,保监会的新规里面还有更加釜底抽薪的一招——“投资人取得保险公司股权的资金,应当使用来源合法的自有资金”。这一条款之后还特别注明,“根据穿透式监管和实质重于形式原则”,保监会可以“对自有资金来源向上追溯认定”。

啥意思?也就是说,今后保监会不仅要看你的钱从哪儿来,也要看怎么得来的。假如说注资的钱,是用公司股权质押从银行、信托等机构借来的,这笔钱不能用做注册资本。

之所以说这一招是釜底抽薪,是因为根据《中国经济周刊》记者了解,这是很多公司之前的习惯玩法。他们增资的资本,其实并非来自股东的真金白银,而是利用保险公司自身的资金,通过复杂的金融产品和资管计划等途径,“自我注资”、“虚假增资”。一出一进之间,股东不仅没从自己口袋里掏出一分钱,还凭空多了好大一笔银子。

我们可以举个例子。就拿姚振华争夺万科控股权的资金结构来说,粗略来看,其资金的来源,一是前海人寿万能险业务得来的100亿元;二是“宝能系”多个公司采取俄罗斯套娃式的股权抵押弄来的200亿元,其中多有循环融资;还有就是以金融产品吸纳通道资金,层层放大,又拿到270多亿元。

这样的例子很多,的确很6,符合“金融是聪明人玩的游戏”的描述。之所以选择保险,本就是为了规避监管;加之股权代持、表决权转让等行为又多私下进行,光凭保险监管系统,也是难以“透视”的。

事实上,按照这种方式,保险公司偿付能力就会失真,即使发生较小的风险事件,也有可能导致保险公司资金流动性和偿付能力出现问题,甚至引发系统性金融风险。

而前面说的“对自有资金来源向上追溯认定”,就是为了解决这样的问题。曾经让保监会很“头疼”的保险机构虚假增资问题,保监会副主席陈文辉就表示,“央行反洗钱系统一目了然”。

也就是说,从去年提出“穿透式监管”到现在,出台的种种措施,都是在“全流程监管”——将资金来源、中间环节与最终投向,“穿透连接”起来,从而对金融机构的业务和行为实施全流程监管。

用陈文辉的话说,就是要“坚决防止出现大股东操纵的现象,不能使保险机构异化为少数人的融资平台,决不能让保险产品异化成少数人的融资工具,决不能使保险资金成为大股东投资控股的工具”。

那么,现有的这些保险公司怎么办?

一位保险业资深人士告诉经济ke,监管层上半年要求保险公司与股东内部先自我消化、自我整改,下一步,或将徐徐图之。但作为重资本行业,此次修改保险公司股权管理办法,扭转保险业投资人以前抱有的“超额收益率”预期,也是题中之义。只有如此,才能让各路资本理性投资,履行保险公司作为“风险管理器”的根本职能。

要新生,得先刮骨疗毒。

文/《中国经济周刊》记者李永华

(来源:侠客岛)

责任编辑:高宗影 CN060
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