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第三方支付,有监管才有未来

2017-08-10 07:41:23   央广网

据报道,近日,中国人民银行向有关金融机构下发通知,要求非银支付机构网络支付业务由直连模式迁移至网联平台处理,截止期限为2018年6月30日。网联这一专为第三方支付机构服务的支付清算平台的成立,凸显了监管部门加强对第三方支付机构资金流向等监管的决心。

网联即非银行支付机构网络支付清算平台,主要是为线上支付提供统一、公共的支付清算服务。从监管层面讲,传统支付体系为中国人民银行主导、商业银行和用户参与的三级模式,无论是转账还是消费都得经过银行,中国人民银行也能掌握所有交易信息。第三方支付出现以后,就出现所谓“直连”模式,主要指第三方支付机构在自己体系内为客户建立虚拟账户,同时直接连到多家银行,并在不同银行开设账户。假如用户从银行A向银行B转账,而支付机构在这两家银行都有账户,通过自己就能完成清算。这种模式的问题在于,第三方支付自己承担结算,既绕过银行,也绕过独立清算机构,存在洗钱、套现获利等风险。另外,第三方支付机构直连银行的账户有大量客户备付金,其利息回报往往可观,同时也存在挪用、占用风险,对此,中国人民银行很早就提出了集中存管。

网联作为线上支付结算业务的专属平台,目的就是剥离第三方支付机构的清算功能,将线上支付清算拉回监管视野。不过,假如将网联视作网络版的银联,相信很多人心中都有一个疑问:为什么不直接并入银联?这是因为银联由各大银行及传统金融机构入股成立,第三方支付机构多游离在体系外,而新版网联的股东则将不少第三方支付机构纳入其中。可见,网联的成立既是第三方支付和传统支付的结合,也意味着我国的支付清算市场正在走向有序竞争。前不久,银联就联合各大银行推出二维码支付等。形成竞争,最终受益的将是广大消费者。

当然,无论以什么形式纳入监管,以何种方式展开竞争,对于消费者来说,最关心的是支付便利受不受影响。现在,很多人已经越来越习惯于出门不带钱包,拿着手机走天下,因此看到第三方支付被网联“收编”,难免有疑问。事实上,除了更安全,网联的技术容量更大,其目标容量是每秒处理12万笔、峰值期每秒18万笔,理论上可以安度“双11”“春节发红包”等高峰期。另外就是收费问题,一些第三方支付机构的用户早已习惯了免费模式。然而,支付平台早期不收取手续费,并不是因为清算环节没有成本,而是平台垫资吸引用户,随着流量趋向稳定,提现环节已经开始收取手续费。目前,网联还未提及收费问题,但相信在市场化支付机构参与下,用户体验会越来越好。

网联平台体现了中国人民银行对支付行业“安全、公平和效率”的监管原则,必将深远影响支付行业的格局。当然,它也最大程度体现出监管层面对新事物、新业态“包容审慎”的态度。随着第三方支付被纳入统一监管,我国支付行业也将迎来新的春天。

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