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王孟源:不敢对英文媒体如此胡扯,就在中国炒作?

2017-08-09 13:19:24   北京时间

完全不对!超弦理论根本无法把任何两个已知的粒子联系在一起,它所谓的重粒子都是假想的未被发现的东西。换句话说,超弦必须假设所有已知的基本粒子都是个别的第一激发态,每个粒子都对应着自己特别的弦,电子有自己的弦、渺子有不同的弦、陶子又有另外一种弦。标准模型有17个粒子,超弦理论就必须假设有17种超弦(其实有无限多种,至于为什么只有17个粒子被发现,超弦理论也完全没有答案)。所以即使我们接受张教授所说的"以超弦作为基本实体的观点出发",也不能得到"超弦理论将基本粒子解释为普朗克尺度下弦的不同振动模式"的结论,那么自然他所说的"标准模型里的基本粒子看来也是准粒子"也就是胡扯。

请注意,张教授的文章里,只给了电子做为"轻粒子"的例子,并没有明确地定义"重粒子"指的是什么。所以他完全可以在被揭穿之后回答说,是读者自行误解的。这就是我在上一篇文章里面提过的,现代美国科学界写公关文章,喜欢故意用模棱两可的句法来误导大众媒体的记者。连有咨询资源的记者都会被误导,那么一般读者更加不可能拆穿骗局。

前面的论证推翻了张教授所用的逻辑,但是要证伪他的"粒子-准粒子相对性原理",我们仍然必须找到至少一个粒子(即高能物理里面的基本粒子)和准粒子(即凝态物理里面的虚拟粒子)之间的根本差异。这其实很简单,我在这里只提一个无需现代物理专业知识也能理解的,也就是基本粒子可以在任何一个空间点独立存在,不需要其他粒子做为背景。高能物理的仪器或许很多、很大、很贵,但是它们都是用来产生和测量基本粒子,而不是用来维持他们生存的。相对的,凝态物理里面的虚拟粒子只能在特定的凝态系统里存在,不能飞行到样品之外的空间里。因为它是虚拟粒子,所以它不能独立于样品。样品的温度、电压、磁场和其他性质如果不对,虚拟粒子就可能无法生存。

用物理术语来说,基本粒子可以被看成是空间的激发态,但是虽然两者都是激发态,并不代表粒子和准粒子是一样的东西,因为后者只是特定样本里的激发态。空间弥漫整个宇宙,凝态样本自然不能相比。这其实不是正与准之间的差别,而是真实与虚拟的差异,所以别的作者用"准粒子"一词,我却宁可说"虚拟粒子"。

熟悉我的读者应该知道,我的座右铭之一,是做人第一,专业其次。在学物理的时候,我宁可做一个诚实的失业者,也不愿意发超弦这样的假论文来开展自己的学术生涯。后来改行专心做投资银行的事业,仍然宁可不赚钱,也不欺负客户。张教授呢?

张首晟接受人民网记者采访

(本文由作者授权观察者网刊载)

本文系观察者网独家稿件,文章内容纯属作者个人观点,不代表平台观点,未经授权,不得转载,否则将追究法律责任。关注观察者网微信guanchacn,每日阅读趣味文章。

责任编辑:高宗影 CN060
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