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以“天地人”开篇 纠“不读书”倾向——聚焦义务教育语文教材改革三大看点

2017-08-29 18:23:53   新华网

“主要是学生学起来比较难。”1993年开始参加语文教材编写工作的教育部《语文建设》编委、广东省教育研究院语文科主任王土荣分析原因说。

翻开新教材我们发现,教材所选古诗文数量有所增加,体裁多样——小学有古诗文129篇,初中有132篇;从诸子散文到历史散文,从两汉论文到唐宋古文、明清小品文,均有呈现。同时增设专题栏目,如小学的“日积月累”栏目,安排了楹联、成语、谚语、歇后语、蒙学读物等传统文化内容;初中的“综合性学习”栏目,围绕“友”“信”“和”等传统文化关键词,设计了一系列专题活动。

“语文教材增加传统文化篇目非常有必要。”从教27年的杭州长寿桥小学语文教研组长陈林玉认为,“面对孩子,空洞的说教是没有用的,靠启发和自我学习更为有效。在这方面,古典诗词是宝库。比如读过陆游的《示儿》,孩子自然能感受到什么叫作‘位卑未敢忘忧国’的爱国之情。”

沈阳市的学生家长李先生认为,适度增加难度,有利于从小建立对中国传统文化的概念。“现在孩子们应对高考所需的知识储备量很大,扩展内容多,从小加强积累没有坏处。”

教育部教材局局长郑富芝说:“通过加强中华优秀传统文化的教育,通过我们的教材,让广大青少年从小就打好‘中国底色’,要使我们的孩子做堂堂正正的中国人。”

看点三:增加衍生阅读量,“主治”不读书少读书

在电子游戏、上网、玩手机成为学生课余生活重要内容的今天,让很多语文教师和家长头疼的,莫过于培养孩子们的读书兴趣,让他们静下心来多读书。阅读兴趣如何培养?阅读能力又怎样提升?

令任海宁赞赏的是,新的语文教材中体现了一种读书意识:让孩子们从上学开始就愿意学语文,愿意阅读,能阅读,爱阅读。

“现在语文教学的问题就是读书太少,很多学生只读教材、教辅,很少读课外书,所以语文素养无从谈起。”温儒敏说,“某种意义上,这个新教材‘主治’不读书、少读书。”

新教材在以往语文教学多偏重精读的基础上,引导一线教学重视多种阅读方法,如默读、浏览、跳读、猜读、比较阅读、整本书的阅读等,初中教材改“精读”为“教读”“略读”为“自读”。

温儒敏表示,新教材抓住了读书兴趣的培养这个“牛鼻子”,整个教材课文数量有所减少,但是衍生阅读的数量大增,就是让语文课往课外阅读延伸,向学生的语文生活延伸。

此外,为了实现让孩子们在“二年级下学期就可以大致独立阅读”的目标,新教材在小学一年级以“天、地、人、你、我、他”开篇,帮助孩子们建立对汉字原初的感觉,推后拼音字母的学习,进一步激发孩子认字读书的兴趣。(参与记者王莹、郑天虹、余靖静)

责任编辑:李皓 CN002
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